Monday, November 29, 2021

Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers using Calculation + PCB

Fig. 1 - Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers

For power amplifier lovers, who build their own audio power amplifiers, here is a good full wave rectifier linear symmetric power supply that will meet the power demand without leaving anything to be desired in terms of stability.

This power supply is designed for amplifiers with power up to 2500W, it will work without any problems with great stability.

Most power amplifier circuits require a symmetrical power supply, and what differs from each other is always the power required from the supply.

As we know, a good power supply with good filtering will determine the quality and final power of your amplifier.

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The complete schematic diagram of the power supply is shown below in Figure 2, it is a simple but complete power supply.

Fig.2 - Electrical schematic Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers


However, it is worth remembering that for each amplifier power range, we can assemble a type of power supply according to the power of your amplifier.

We are presenting 3 different configurations to exemplify the different types of power amplifiers.

There are 3 examples of simplified formulas for you to calculate the  power supply Current and Voltage according to the power of your amplifier.

Remembering that the PCB printed circuit board is the same for all configurations.

Configuration 1:

In this configuration, we can use amplifiers that have a total power up to 400W

We need to calculate the maximum power supply current, considering 45V supply, and the maximum power of 400W. Calculating ohms Law: P = V * I
  • I = P / V 
  • I = 400/45 
  • I = 8.88A
Now you need to stipulate the maximum ripple allowed in your design, in this case: If you set the maximum ripple voltage to 5%!
  • V_ripple = V_ps * 5%
  • V_ripple = 45V * 5%
  • V_ripple  = 2.25V
Once the maximum ripple voltage has been stipulated, we need to calculate the capacitor for that ripple at 5% of the source, "You may be calculating the percentage that best suits your design."

Capacitor Calculation Formula : C = I / F * V_ripple 
  • C = 8.88 / 120 * 2.25
  • C = 8.88 / 270
  • C = 0.032888 = > C = 32.888X10^-6 = 32.888uF
As our board was designed to support 6 capacitors. We can divide the entire value into uF and divide by 6 Capacitors.
  • C_individual = 32.888 / 6
  • C_individual  = 5.481uF

For a closer commercial capacitors value, we have:
C_individual = 6.800uF / 63V

  • 6 x 6.800uF Capacitor
  • 15A rectifier bridge

Configuration 2:

In this configuration, we can use amplifiers that have a total power up to 1200W

We need to calculate the maximum power supply current, considering 75V supply, and the  maximum power of 1200W. Calculating ohms Law: P = V * I
  • I = P / V 
  • I = 1200/75 
  • I = 16A

Now you need to stipulate the maximum ripple allowed in your design, in this case: If you set the maximum ripple voltage to 5%!
  • V_ripple = V_ps * 5%
  • V_ripple = 75V * 5%
  • V_ripple  = 3.75V

Once the maximum ripple voltage has been stipulated, we need to calculate the capacitor for that ripple at 5% of the source, "You may be calculating the percentage that best suits your design."

Capacitor Calculation Formula : V_ripple = I / F * C
  • C = I / F * V_ripple 
  • C = 16 / 120 * 3.75
  • C = 16 / 450
  • C = 0.035555 = > C = 35.555X10^-6 = 35.555uF

As our board was designed to support 6 capacitors. We can divide the entire value into uF and divide by 6 Capacitors.
  • C_individual = 35.555 / 6
  • C_individual  = 5.925uF

For a closer commercial capacitors value, we have:
C_individual = 6.800uF / 100V

  • 6 x 6.800uF Capacitor
  • 25A rectifier bridge

Configuration 3:

In this configuration, we can use amplifiers that have a total power up to 2500W

We need to calculate the maximum power supply current, considering 95V supply, and the maximum power of 2500W. Calculating ohms Law: P = V * I
  • I = P / V 
  • I = 2500/95 
  • I = 26A

Now you need to stipulate the maximum ripple allowed in your design, in this case: If you set the maximum ripple voltage to 5%!
  • V_ripple = V_ps * 5%
  • V_ripple = 95V * 5%
  • V_ripple  = 4.75V

Once the maximum ripple voltage has been stipulated, we need to calculate the capacitor for that ripple at 5% of the source, "You may be calculating the percentage that best suits your design."

Capacitor Calculation Formula : C = I / F * V_ripple 
  • C = 26 / 120 * 4.75
  • C = 26 / 570
  • C = 0.045614 = > C = 45.614X10^-6 = 45.614uF
As our board was designed to support 6 capacitors. We can divide the entire value into uF and divide by 6 Capacitors.
  • C_individual = 45.614 / 6
  • C_individual  = 7.602uF

For a closer commercial capacitors value, we have:
C_individual = 10.000uF / 200V

  • 6 x 10.000uF Capacitor
  • 40A rectifier bridge

Download

We provide the files with the PCB, the schematic, the PDF, GERBER and JPG, PNG and provide a direct link for free download and a direct link, "MEGA".

Click on the direct link to download the files: Layout PCB, PDF, GERBER, JPG

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Wednesday, November 10, 2021

3-Band Active Equalizer Circuit using LF353 IC + PCB

Fig. 1 - PCB 3-Band Active Equalizer Circuit with LF353 IC


This three-band active graphic equalizer circuit is an active filter set for three basic audio equalization ranges, bass, mid and treble. The circuit is based on the LF353 operational amplifier integrated circuit.

The LF353 is a two-input JFET operational amplifier with an internally compensated input offset voltage. The JFET input device provides wide bandwidth, low input bias currents and offset currents.

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Features

  • Internally Trimmed Offset Voltage: 10 mV
  • Low Input Bias Current: 50pA
  • Low Input Noise Voltage: 25 nV/√Hz
  • Low Input Noise Current: 0.01 pA/√Hz
  • Wide gain bandwidth: 4 MHz
  • High slew rate: 13V / μs
  • Low Supply Current: 3.6 mA
  • High Input Impedance: 1012Ω
  • Low Total Harmonic Distortion : 0.02%
  • Low 1/f Noise Corner: 50 Hz
  • Fast Settling Time to 0.01%: 2 μs

The equalizer circuit.

The 3-band Equalizer use a Integrated Circuits operational amplifier LF353, and the capacitors determine the frequencies, the higher their capacitance, the lower the cutoff frequencies.

The proposed equalizer is a 2-octave graphic equalizer with a 3-band circuit, the cut-off frequencies are at: 150Hz, 1kHz and 12kHz.

This circuit was assembled with LF353, but nothing prevents you from using other replacement pin compatible ICs, such as: LM1558RC4558, LM358 etc.
 
The recommended supply voltage is between ±11V and ±15V, but note that the maximum voltage IC supports is ±18V. The IC consumption current is 6.5mA maximum, and 3.6mA average.

The IC has two internal amplifiers, we get a amplifier for each frequency and the last one for the final amplification of the entire circuit. In Figure 2 below, the pinout and configuration of the LF353 integrated circuit is shown.

Fig. 2 - Pinout IC LF353

In Figure 3 below, we show the complete 3-band equalizer circuit, and that you can download the files in option; Download files below at the bottom of the page.

Fig. 3 - Schematic Diagram 3-band Active Equalizer Circuit with LF353 IC

Components List

  • U1 .............. Integrated circuit LF353

  • R1, R2, R5, R6 ... 10K resistor (brown, black, orange, gold)
  • R3, R7 ................ 3.6K resistor (orange, green, red, gold)
  • R4, R8 ................ 1.8K resistor (brown, gray, red, gold)

  • C1 ...................... 4.7uF electrolytic capacitor
  • C2 ...................... 1uF electrolytic capacitor
  • C3 ...................... 50nF polyester capacitor 
  • C4, C6 ............... 5nF polyester capacitor
  • C5 ...................... 22nF polyester capacitor

  • VR1 .................... 47K Potentiometer 
  • VR2, VR3 .......... 100K Potentiometer 
  • VR4 .................... 500K Potentiometer 

  • P1  ....................... Screw Terminal Type 5mm 3-Pin Connector
  • P2, P3 .................. Screw Terminal Type 5mm 2-Pin Connector
  • Others .................. PCB, tin, wires, etc.

Download

We provide the files with the PCB, the schematic, the PDF, GERBER and JPG, PNG and provide a direct link for free download and a direct link, "MEGA".

Click on the direct link to download the files: Layout PCB, PDF, GERBER, JPG

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!


Saturday, November 6, 2021

Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

  
Fig. 1 - Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

Welcome to Lesson 9 - Basic Arduino Course

In today's lesson, we will learn how to use 5 LEDs connected to 5 Arduino ports, which will light up in sequence and right after the cycle ends, will go out in sequence. With that, we will learn a new instruction, the Array data structure.

What is Array?

An array is a collection of variables that are accessed with an index number. However, the "array" data structure is not exactly an existing data type

There are arrays of variables like "char", "int", "boolean", "float" and so on. This means that an array can be variables of any type mentioned above.

An array, or vector, for example, is a collection of variables of a specific type, which may even use the same nomenclature, but which will be distinguished by an indexed number.

For example: We can use a variable type "float" with a single name indexed by number, instead of different variables (VarFloat_1, VarFloat_2, VarFloat_3...) we can use a single grouped array with the same nomenclature that will allow each variable be manipulated separately by a numerical index, (VarFloat [0], VarFloat [1], VarFloat [2] ...).

Hardware Required

  • Arduino Board
  • 5 - LEDs
  • 5 - 250 ohms resistor - (brown, green, brown, gold)
  • Jumper Wires
  • Protoboard (optional)

The Circuit Connections

The circuit is a bit simple, we connect the longer "Anode" legs of the 5 LEDs to the positive 5V of the Arduino, and the other shorter leg "Cathode", we connect to the 150 ohm resistor and in series with GND, negative of the Arduino, as shown in Figure 2 below.

Fig. 2 -  LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure - tinkercad.com


We use a protoboard to facilitate the connections, but you can also connect the wires directly to the Arduino.

The Code

The code can be implemented in the normal way in programming, as shown in the code below. But the code is quite large, we use 42 lines of code to create this kind of sequential LED circuit. To write less lines of code, an "optimizer" is required. 

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// Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

const int Led1 =  2;        // Select the output LED1 PIN
const int Led2 =  3;        // Select the output LED2 PIN
const int Led3 =  4;        // Select the output LED3 PIN
const int Led4 =  5;        // Select the output LED4 PIN
const int Led5 =  6;        // Select the output LED5 PIN

void setup() {                // This function is called once when the program starts  
 pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT);    // Initialize digital pin LED1 as an output.
 pinMode(Led2, OUTPUT);    // Initialize digital pin LED2 as an output.
 pinMode(Led3, OUTPUT);    // Initialize digital pin LED3 as an output.
 pinMode(Led4, OUTPUT);    // Initialize digital pin LED4 as an output.
 pinMode(Led5, OUTPUT);    // Initialize digital pin LED5 as an output.
}

void loop() { // The loop function runs over and over again as long as the Arduino has power.
// Turn ON each  LED sequence in order
  digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
  digitalWrite(Led2, HIGH);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
  digitalWrite(Led3, HIGH);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
  digitalWrite(Led4, HIGH);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
  digitalWrite(Led5, HIGH);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)

// Turn OFF each  LED sequence in order
  digitalWrite(Led1, LOW);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
  digitalWrite(Led2, LOW);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
  digitalWrite(Led3, LOW);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
  digitalWrite(Led4, LOW);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
  digitalWrite(Led5, LOW);
  delay(150);                             // Wait for 150 millisecond(s)
}
//------------------------------------- www.elcircuits.com --------------------------------------------

This is where the Array data structure comes into play, we can use it to drastically reduce the number of lines of code, as shown in the code example below.


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// Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

const int Leds =  5;                                      //Number of LEDs in the circuit
const int PinLeds[Leds] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6};   //LEDs connected to pins 2 to 6

void setup() {                 // This function is called once when the program starts
  for (int i = 0; i < Leds; i++) {            // Go through each of the elements in our array
    pinMode(PinLeds[i], OUTPUT);    // And set them as OUTPUT
  }
}
void loop() { // The loop function runs over and over again as long as the Arduino has power.
  for (int i = 0; i < Leds; i++) {            // Go through each of the Leds elements in our array
    digitalWrite(PinLeds[i], HIGH);     // And set each of the PinLeds in HIGH level
    delay(150);                                      // Wait 150 millis seconds, and back to structure For   
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < Leds; i++) {            // Go through each of the Leds elements in our array
    digitalWrite(PinLeds[i], LOW);      // And set each of the PinLeds in LOW level
    delay(150);                                      // Wait 150 millis seconds, and back to structure For 
  }
}
//------------------------------------- www.elcircuits.com --------------------------------------------

Using the Array Data Structure technique, we could practically save half a line of the previous code, that's really cool, right?

After building the circuit, connect your Arduino board to your computer, run the Arduino software (IDE), copy the code below and paste it into your Arduino IDE. But first let us understand the code line by line.
  • In Line 3, we declared  the number of LEDs in the circuit.

  • In Line 4, We are using an Array to index each pin of the LEDs in the corresponding Arduino Ports.
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// Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

const int Leds =  5;                                      //Number of LEDs in the circuit
const int PinLeds[Leds] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6};   //LEDs connected to pins 2 to 6

//------------------------------------- www.elcircuits.com --------------------------------------------
  • In Line 6we enter the void setup() function. This function is read only once when the Arduino is started.

  • In Line 7, we enter in the FOR structure control, to access each Leds element.

  • in Line 8, we set each PinLeds as OUTPUT, through each elements in ou array.
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// Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

void setup() {                 // This function is called once when the program starts
  for (int i = 0; i < Leds; i++) {            // Go through each of the elements in our array
    pinMode(PinLeds[i], OUTPUT);    // And set them as OUTPUT
  }
}
//------------------------------------- www.elcircuits.com --------------------------------------------
  • Line 11, we enter in the loop() function does precisely what its name suggests, and loops consecutively.

  • In Line 12, we enter in the For structure control, to go through each of the Leds elements in our array.

  • In Line 13, we continue in the For structure control, and set each of the PinLeds in HIGH level, turn on Led by Led.

  • In Line 14, we enter in the delay function, to wait 150 millis seconds, and back to structure For while it is true.

  • In Line 16, we enter in the For structure control, to go through each of the Leds elements in our array.

  • In Line 17, we continue in the For structure control, and set each of the PinLeds in LOW level, turn off Led by Led.

  • In Line 18, we enter in the delay function, to wait 150 millis seconds, and back to structure For while it is true.
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// Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

void loop() { // The loop function runs over and over again as long as the Arduino has power.
  for (int i = 0; i < Leds; i++) {            // Go through each of the Leds elements in our array
    digitalWrite(PinLeds[i], HIGH);     // And set each of the PinLeds in HIGH level
    delay(150);                                      // Wait 150 millis seconds, and back to structure For   
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < Leds; i++) {            // Go through each of the Leds elements in our array
    digitalWrite(PinLeds[i], LOW);      // And set each of the PinLeds in LOW level
    delay(150);                                      // Wait 150 millis seconds, and back to structure For 
  }
}
//------------------------------------- www.elcircuits.com --------------------------------------------
All ready! After you have assembled the entire circuit, and uploaded this code, what you should see is the sequence of LEDs turning on and off, giving the impression that the LEDs are moving forward.

Next Lesson

  • Arduino: Lesson 10 - How to Read Temperature and Humidity with Arduino, Using the DHT11 Sensor

Previous Lesson

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Tuesday, November 2, 2021

Adjustable Power Supply 1.5V to 28V, 7.5 Amps using LT1083 IC + PCB

Fig. 1 - PCB Adjustable Power Supply 1.5V to 28V, 7.5 Amps With IC LT1083 

Para versão em Português, Clique Aqui!

Today we present an adjustable bench power supply from 1.5V to 28V with 7.5 amps of current, very easy to assemble, with few external components, but very functional and robust.

The circuit is based on the LT1083 integrated circuit, a 3-terminal adjustable positive voltage regulator that delivers 7.5A of current over a variable output voltage range of 1.5 to 28V with higher efficiency than currently available devices.

Each internal circuit is designed to operate with a difference of up to 1V between input and output. The guaranteed voltage drop is set to a maximum of 1.5V at maximum output current.

The internal control system adjusts the output voltage by plus or minus 1%.

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In Figure 2 - you will find the description of the input, output and ground pins. There are also other types of encapsulation, as this TO - 3P is the most common.

Fig. 2 - Pinout LT1083

The schematic shown in Figure 3 is quite simple and similar to the schematics we have shown here on our website before, such as LM350, LM338, LM317 and others, always following the line of simplicity and ease of assembly.

Fig. 3 - Schematic diagram of adjustable power supply LT1083

All LT1083 series voltage regulators are pin-compatible with the more familiar three-terminal voltage regulators, as mentioned above. These devices require a 10 μF output capacitor, which is usually included in most regulator designs.

Unlike PNP regulators where up to 10% of the production current is wasted as quiescent current, the LT1083 flows quiescent current to the load, increasing efficiency.

Features

  • 7.5A output current 
  • Three terminals pin-compatible
  • Operates down to 1V loss
  • Guaranteed cut-off voltage at various current levels
  • Line regulation: 0.015%
  • Load regulation: 0.1%
  • 100% Thermal Limit Functional Test

Applications

  • High Efficiency Linear Regulators
  • Adjustable voltage regulators Constant current regulators
  • Battery Chargers
  • Desktop power supplies

Component List

  • IC .......... LT1083Voltage Regulator Integrated Circuit 
  • D1 ......... KBPC1510 Bridge Rectifier diodes for 15 Amps or more as KBPC5010 for 50A
  • C1 ......... 4.700uF - 50V Electrolytic capacitor 
  • C2 ......... 10uF - 50V Electrolytic capacitor 
  • R1 ......... 120 ohm -1/4W Resistor - (brown, red, brown, gold)
  • R1 ......... 1.5K ohm -1/4W Resistor - (brown, green, red, gold)
  • P1 ......... 5K ohms potentiometer
  • P1, P2 ... Screw Terminal Type 5mm 2-Pin Connector
  • Others ... Wires, solders, printed circuit board, etc.

Download

We provide the files with the PCB, the schematic, the PDF, GERBER and JPG, PNG and provide a direct link for free download and a direct link, "MEGA".

Click on the direct link to download the files: Layout PCB, PDF, GERBER, JPG

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Thursday, October 21, 2021

Adjustable Power Supply 1.2V to 37V, 6A, Short Circuit Protection using LM317 and TIP36 + PCB

Fig. 1 - Schematic diagram Adjustable power supply circuit with short circuit protection

Para Versão Original em Português, Clique Aqui!

This is an adjustable power supply circuit from 1.2V to 37V and 6 amps of current, with short circuit protection, equipped with adjustable positive voltage stabilization circuits of three terminals LM317, plus a booster circuit, using the TIP36C, which is an inexpensive power transistor.

What makes this power supply special is the implementation of a short-circuit protection circuit, for which a BD140 PNP transistor is used.

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How the circuit works

Resistor R1, which is a load sensing resistor, receives a small current flowing through it. As long as the current in the output circuit does not reach a certain current calculated through R1, the circuit behaves like a normal voltage regulator, because at small "calculated" currents there is no voltage drop in the load sensing resistor, so the Boosters TIP36C transistor does not trip.

As the current in the circuit increases, the voltage across resistor R1 increases. When this voltage reaches about 0.6 V, the "transistor cut-off voltage", the power transistors turn on and current flows through them, with the threshold determined by the maximum current supported by the power transistors.

However, we have implemented a current protection circuit that consists of a circuit equipped with a BD140 transistor with a resistor that acts as a current sensing resistor that serves to polarize the transistor and, depending on the value detected, limit the output current of the entire circuit according to a simple Ohm's Law formula that serves to set this threshold current.

Formula 1st Ohm's Law

The 1st Ohm's Law states that the potential difference between two points of a resistor is proportional to the electric current flowing in it, and that the ratio of electric potential to electric current is always constant for ohmic resistors. The formula is as follows: V = R * I
  • V - Voltage or electric potential
  • R - Electrical resistance
  • I - Electrical current

Knowing Ohm's Law, we can now calculate the values of the load sense resistors that activate the power stage and the bias resistors of the protection transistors that form the short circuit protection circuit.

Calculating the load resistors

First, we need to know the current of the LM317 voltage regulator, which is 1.5 amps according to the datasheet.

LM317 = 1.5A
Let us calculate R1. We know that using Ohm's law, we get the following expression:
  • V = R * I
  • V = The cut-off voltage of transistors Q2 and Q3 TIP36C is 0.6V. This is the cut-off range of the transistor. Let us call Q2 and Q3 of Qeq

I = This is the current of the regulator IC1. Let us set the operating current of IC1 to 600mA, which is 0.6A. This current is enough for the IC to work unhindered.

Then:

  • R1 = Vbe_Qeq / I_CI1
  • R1 = 0.6V / 0.6A
  • R1 = 1 Ohm

Calculation of the protection circuit resistance

Similarly, we need to know the total current of the selected power supply so that there is an interruption in this range. Our power supply for 6 amps.

Power supply = 6A
Let us calculate R2. We know that Ohm's law gives us the following expression:

  • V = R * I
  • V = The cut-off voltage of the transistor Q1 is 0.6 V. "This is the cut-off range of the transistor".
  • I = The total current of the power supply, which is 6A.

Then:

  • R1 = Vbe_Q1 / I_ps
  • R1 = 0.6V / 6A
  • R1 = 0.1 Ohm

Current of the power transistors

Q2 + Q3 = 25A + 25A = 50A

However, the total power of the TIP36C transistor is 125W, which means it operates at a current of 25A to 5V. Remember the above formula, P = V * I;
  • P = 5V * 25A = 125W.

For this circuit with a maximum voltage of 37V and transistors with a maximum power of 125W, we look as follows:
  • Pmax = V * I:
  • Imax = P / V = > Imax = 125W / 37V = > Imax = 3.37A
  • How are two transistors together Imax = 6,74A

Therefore, our circuit works with two TIP36C transistors to get 6 amps at the output.

Figure 2 shows the schematic of the adjustable power supply circuit with short circuit protection. Those who follow us already know this circuit very well, the difference is exactly in the implementation of the protection circuit, as we can see below.
Fig. 2 - Schematic diagram Adjustable power supply circuit with short circuit protection

Components List

  • CI1 ................ Voltage Regulator LM317
  • Q1 ................. PNP Transistor BD140
  • Q2, Q3 .......... Power Transistor PNP TIP36C
  • D1 ................. Bridge Rectifier 50A - KBPC5010
  • D2, D3 .......... Rectifier Diode 1N4007
  • R1 ................. Resistor 2W / 1Ω
  • R2, R4, R5 ... Resistor 5W / 0.1Ω
  • R3 ................ Resistor 1/4W / 220Ω
  • C1 ................ Electrolytic Capacitor 5600uF - 50V
  • C2, C3 .......... Polyester/Ceramic Capacitor 0.1uF or 100nF
  • RV1 .............. Potentiometer 5KΩ
  • P1, P2 ........... Screw Terminal Type 5mm 2-Pin Connector
  • Others .......... Wires, solders, printed circuit board, etc.
Source: fvml.com.br

Download

We provide the files with the PCB, the schematic, the PDF, GERBER and JPG, PNG and provide a direct link for free download and a direct link, "MEGA".

Click on the direct link to download the files: Layout PCB, PDF, GERBER, JPG

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

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