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Fig. 1 - Arduino: Lesson 1 - What is Arduino? |
Arduino is an open source electronic prototyping platform or board
used for the development of IoT control and automation projects in
Digital / Analog Electronics.
Originally started as a research project by Massimo Banzi,
David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino and
David Mellis
at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute in the early 2000s,
it is based on the Processing project, a language for learning to code
within the context of the visual arts developed by Casey Reas and
Ben Fry, as well as a thesis project by Hernando Barragan on
the spinning board.
Source: Arduino.cc
It consists of a programmable physical circuit board
(Microcontroller) and software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment), used to write and Upload Computer Code to the physical board, and was
designed to make Electronics more accessible to Designers, Engineers,
Technicians, Enthusiasts and people interested in creating interactive
objects or environments.
The first Arduino board was launched in 2005 to help design
students, who had no previous experience in electronics or microcontroller
programming, to create working prototypes connecting the physical world to
the digital world.
Since then, it has become the most popular electronic prototyping tool used
by engineers and even large corporations.
An Arduino board can be purchased pre-assembled or, because the
hardware design is Open Source, it can be built manually, however,
users can adapt the boards according to their needs, as well as update or
develop their own versions.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people who are
starting out with electronics and for a very good reason.
Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino doesn't
need separate hardware (called a Programmer, USB Serial Converter, FTDI) to load a new code on the board, you can simply use a USB cable.
In addition, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C ++, making it easy to learn the program. Finally, the Arduino provides
a standard form factor that divides the microcontroller functions into a
more affordable package.
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| Fig. 2 - Arduino Uno Board Specification |
The Arduino Uno is one of the most popular boards in the
Arduino family and a great option for beginners.
Believe it or not, 10 lines of code are all you need to blink the
On-board LED on your Arduino.
What It Does?
Arduino's Hardware and Software was designed for Engineers,
technicians, designers, artists, enthusiasts, amateurs, hackers and anyone
interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
The Arduino can interact with Buttons, LEDs, Motors, Speakers,
GPS Units, Cameras, the Internet and even your Smartphone or TV.
This flexibility combined with the fact that the Arduino software is
Open Source, that is, free, the hardware cards are very cheap and
both the software and the hardware are easy to learn, leading to a large
community of users who contributed code and launched instructions for a huge
variety of Arduino-based Projects.
We can use Arduino for just about everything, from robots, heating
blanket with temperature limit, machines to count bills, robot arms, etc.
The Arduino can be used as the brain behind almost any electronics
project.
The Arduino Family
There are different types of Arduino board, each with different capacities. In addition, some of the open source
hardware means that others can modify and produce Arduino board
derivatives that provide even more form and functionality factors.
If you are not sure which one is right for your project. Here are some
options that are suitable for someone new to the Arduino's world:
Arduino Uno (R3)
Arduino Uno is a great option for your first Arduino. It has
everything you need to get started and use it for your projects. Here you
will find the technical specifications for the Arduino UNO R3:
- Microcontroller: ATmega328P
- Digital I/O Pins: 14
- Analog input pins: 6
- PWM pins: 6
- Communication
- UART
- I2C
- SPI
A USB connection, a power connector, a reset button and much more.
It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; Simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or connect it to a
DC power supply or battery to get started.
Sensors
With some simple code, the Arduino can control and interact with a
wide variety of sensors - things that can measure light, temperature,
degree of flexion, pressure, proximity, acceleration, carbon monoxide,
radioactivity, humidity, barometric pressure, voltage, current, among so
many others.
Shields
In addition, there are these things called Shields, basically they
are pre-assembled circuit boards that fit on top of your
Arduino and provide additional features - controlling engines,
connecting to the Internet, providing cell phones or other wireless
communication, controlling an LCD display and more.
Next Lesson
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