Friday, August 11, 2023

Winget Upgrade Command: How to Update Applications on Windows Using CMD!

Winget Upgrade Command: How to Update Applications on Windows Using CMD!

Upgrading Your Applications Using Windows Package Manager (winget) Command on Windows

In today's fast-paced technological landscape, staying up-to-date with the latest software versions is paramount for ensuring optimal performance, security, and access to new features. 

With the introduction of the Windows Package Manager (winget) command, Microsoft has streamlined the process of updating and managing applications on Windows systems

In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through the steps of upgrading your applications using the powerful winget command, ensuring that you harness the full potential of your software ecosystem.

Understanding the Importance of Application Updates

Regularly updating your applications is akin to servicing your car – it keeps things running smoothly and guards against potential vulnerabilities. Outdated software can expose your system to security risks, performance bottlenecks, and compatibility issues. 

By proactively upgrading your applications, you not only enjoy the latest features but also maintain a secure and efficient computing environment.

You may be interested in: 

Introducing Windows Package Manager (winget)

The Windows Package Manager, known as winget, is a command-line tool developed by Microsoft to simplify the process of installing, updating, and managing software packages on Windows systems.

With a user-friendly syntax and robust functionality, winget eliminates the need to manually search for updates or visit multiple websites to download software.

How to Install Winget?

Winget is installed by default on Windows 11, however if you are using an older version like Windows 10, you will need to install it manually.

To install Winget manually, follow these steps:

  • Open the Start menu and search for:
    Windows PowerShell.
  • Right-click on the search result and select:
    Execute as administrator.

Fig. 2 - Accessing PowerShell windows as administrator

  • Type the following command and press enter:
    Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/winget-cli -OutFile winget-cli.msixbundle

  • Type the following command and press enter:
    Add-AppPackage -Path winget-cli.msixbundle
That's it, now you have Winget installed on your computer!

Steps to Upgrade Applications Using winget

  • Open Command Prompt or PowerShell: Launch the Command Prompt or PowerShell on your Windows system. You can do this by searching for "cmd" or "PowerShell" in the Start menu.
  • Check for Updates: Before upgrading any applications, it's a good practice to check for available updates. Use the following command to update the package repository: 
    • winget update

  • List Installed Applications: To view the list of currently installed applications, run the command:

  • winget list

This will display a comprehensive list of installed software packages along with their unique identifiers.

How to Update Applications with "Winget Upgrade" Command?

You can be updating all the Applications installed on your Windows quickly and automatically, with a single command. All you have to do is open Command Prompt or PowerShell and type the following command:

  • winget upgrade --all
Fig. 3 - command Winget Upgrade --all cmd

Upgrade specific Applications

To upgrade a specific application, utilize the command:

  • winget upgrade <package_name>

Replace `<package_name>` with the actual name of the package you wish to upgrade. For example:

  • winget upgrade GoogleChrome

This will initiate the upgrade process for Google Chrome.

Some Tips for Making the Most of Winget

Here are some tips for getting the most out of Winget:

  • Use the "search" command to find new apps to install. For example:
    winget search <search term>
  • Use the "show" command to see detailed information about an application. For example:
    winget show <application name>
  • Use the "list" command to see all applications installed on your computer. For example:
    winget list
  • Use the "uninstall" command to uninstall an application. For example:
    winget uninstall <application name>

Advantages of Using winget for Application Upgrades

  • Efficiency: winget eliminates the need to visit various websites or application stores to manually download updates. It streamlines the process into a single, command-line interface.
  • Automated Updates: By incorporating winget into your workflow, you can schedule automated updates for your applications, ensuring that you never miss a critical upgrade.
  • Version Management: With winget, you can easily switch between different versions of a software package, allowing you to test compatibility or revert to a previous version if needed.
  • Dependency Handling: winget automatically manages dependencies, ensuring that all required components are installed or updated alongside the main application.

Conclusion

Staying up-to-date with the latest software versions is vital for a seamless and secure computing experience. Windows Package Manager (winget) simplifies the process of upgrading applications on Windows systems, allowing you to effortlessly manage your software ecosystem from the command line. 

By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can ensure that your applications are always optimized, secure, and equipped with the latest features. Embrace the power of winget and unlock a new level of efficiency in application management.

I hope you enjoyed it!!!

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

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My Best Regards!!!

Friday, April 14, 2023

Mini Switching Power Supply 5V - 25V, 3A with TNY268 and PCB

Mini Switching Power Supply 5V - 25V, 3A with TNY268 and PCB

Para Versão em Portugues, clique aqui!

Compact 3A Mini Switching Power Supply: Build Your Own 5V-25V Solution with TNY268 and PCB

In this article, we will be discussing a mini switched power supply that provides 5V to 25Vdc output. This power supply is perfect for various electronic devices that require a stable and reliable power supply.

This is a power supply based on the TNY268 Integrated Circuit, which is part of a series of TinySwitch-II circuits: TNY263, TNY264, TNY265, TNY266, TNY267 and TNY268.

For a Flyback-type switched power supply like the one proposed, this IC is ideal, it integrates in its encapsulation the components necessary for it to work:

  • PWM Control, Power Mosfets
  • Overcurrent Protection
  • Over-Temperature Protection
  • Self-Feeding System

It does not need auxiliary windings, which makes it a complete IC, with DIP8 encapsulation, with a PWM working frequency of 132kHz and a voltage of up to 700V.

We will dive into the technical specifications, design, and features of this power supply and how it compares to other similar products in the market.

Technical Specifications

The mini switched power supply has an input voltage range of 80V to 260V AC, which makes it suitable for use in different parts of the world.

It provides an output voltage that can be regulated between 5V to 25V, with a current of up to 3A, depending on the configuration that we choose.

The power supply also has short-circuit protection and overvoltage protection, ensuring the safety of the connected devices.

Design

The mini switched power supply has a compact design, with dimensions of 55mm x 26mm x 21mm. The power supply is enclosed in a plastic case that protects the circuitry from dust and other environmental factors.

The power supply has a standard WJ2EDGVC-5.08-2P connector, making it easy to connect different electronic devices.

Caution!

"This circuit works directly connected to the electrical network, this is extremely dangerous, any carelessness, or wrong connections, design error, or any other occasion, can lead to irreversible damage.

We are not responsible for any type of occurrence. If you don't have enough experience, don't build this circuit, and if you build it, when testing it, be sure to have the proper protections and be accompanied by someone else."

Features

One of the standout features of this mini switched power supply is its efficiency. It has a high efficiency rating of up to 85%, which means that it wastes less energy as heat compared to other similar products.

This feature is especially important for electronic devices that are battery-powered, as it helps to extend their battery life.

Another feature of this power supply is its low ripple and noise. The power supply has a ripple voltage of less than 50mV, which ensures that the connected devices receive a stable and noise-free power supply. 

This is especially important for audio devices, where any noise in the power supply can cause unwanted noise in the audio output.

TNY268 - Pinout and Description

The TNY268 is packaged in a DIP-8B structure for perforated pinouts and an SMD-8B package for SMD.

The package is similar to the well-known IC LM555, with the exception of pin 6 hidden in the TNY268, as we can see in the pinout of Figure 2, below.

Fig. 2 - Pinout - Pinout TNY268

We leave below the description of each pin of the TNY268 Integrated Circuit to facilitate our understanding.

  • DRAIN (D): Power MOSFET drain connection. Provides internal operating current for start-up and steady-state operation.

  • BYPASS (BP): Connection point for an external 0.1 µF bypass capacitor for the internally generated 5.8 V supply.

  • ENABLE/UNDERVOLTAGE (EN/UV): This pin has two functions: input enable and line undervoltage detection. During normal operation, power MOSFET switching is controlled by this pin. MOSFET switching is terminated when a current greater than 240 μA is drawn from this pin.

    This pin also detects line undervoltage conditions through an external resistor connected to the DC line voltage. If there is no external resistor connected to this pin, TinySwitch-II detects its absence and disables the line undervoltage function.

  • SOURCE (S): Common control circuit, connected internally to the output MOSFET source.

  • SOURCE (HV RTN): MOSFET source connection output for high voltage feedback.

The Switched Power Supply Circuit

The Mini Switched Power Supply Circuit with TNY268 for 5V - 24V, 3A output is a simple yet powerful design, as shown in Figure 3 below.

However, due to the involvement of electricity, it requires careful handling and at least intermediate knowledge of electronics to assemble the circuit.

Fig. 3 - Schematic Diagram Mini Switching Power Supply 5V - 25V, 3A with TNY268

The schematic diagram of the Mini Switched Power Supply Circuit is well laid out and easy to understand. It includes a TNY268 controller that regulates the output voltage and current of the power supply.

The circuit has a few essential components such as capacitors, resistors, diodes, and an inductor, which work together to provide stable and efficient power.

Regulate The Output Voltage

The output voltage is adjusted through two parameters in the circuit:

  1. The D4 diode, which is a 1W Power Zener diode.
  2.  The secondary winding of the transformer.

The Zener Diode

The zener diode D4, is the diode that will adjust the output voltage, we must configure it as follows,
when the desired voltage is Xv, the zener diode must have a voltage Xv - 1.

The diode should be 1V lower than the nominal voltage of the power supply, this lower voltage is due to the photocoupler being connected in series with the zener diode, and since it is an “LED” diode, we have the voltage drop on it.

For example:

To obtain a voltage of 5V at the power supply output:
The zener diode D4 = 4V. We use a commercial 4.3V, 1N4731 zener diode.

To obtain a voltage of 9V at the power supply output:
The zener diode D4 = 8V. We use a commercial 8.2V, 1N4738 zener diode.

To obtain a voltage of 12V at the power supply output:
The zener diode D4 = 11V. We use a commercial 11V, 1N4741 zener diode.

To obtain a voltage of 25V at the power supply output:
The zener diode D4 = 24V. We use a commercial 24V, 1N4749 zener diode.

The Transformer

The transformer used in this circuit was a high frequency transformer, often found in PC power supplies, as illustrated in Figure 4 below, a model EE-25 Ferrite transformer.

Fig. 4 EE-25 Ferrite Transformer

Primary coil winding

The primary will be wound to support a voltage between 85V and 260V, and this will be done by winding 140 turns of 33AWG enamelled wire, or 0.18 mm diameter wire.

Right after winding the primary, place appropriate insulation tape, with electrical and thermal insulation, to insulate the primary from the secondary.

Secondary coil winding

The secondary will be wound according to the desired output voltage, and this will be done in such a way that, for each desired 1V, 1.4 turns of 17AWG enameled wire or 1.15 mm wire are wound.

The calculation for an output voltage of 5V can be achieved using the formula below:

Formula: N = V * F
  • N = Number of Turns
  • V = Desired Voltage
  • C = Constant = 1.4
  • V = 5V
  • C = 1.4
  • N = ?
  • N = 5 * 1.4
  • N = 7 laps
For 5V on the output, we have 7 turns to wind in the secondary.

The calculation for an output voltage of 9V:

  • V = 9V
  • F = 1.4
  • N = ?

  • N = 9 * 1.4
  • N = 12.6 = ~13 Rounds
For 9V on the output, we have 13 turns to wind in the secondary.

The calculation for an output voltage of 12V:

  • V = 12V
  • F = 1.4
  • N = ?

  • N = 12 * 1.4
  • N = 16.8 = ~17 Rounds
For 12V output, we have 17 turns to wind in the secondary.

The calculation for an output voltage of 24V:

  • V = 25V
  • F = 1.4
  • N = ?

  • N = 25 * 1.4
  • N = 35 Turns

For 24V output, we have 37 turns to wind in the secondary.

The good thing is that with the formula, we can calculate any voltage we want to get at the output of our switching power supply.

Components list

Semiconductor

  • U1 ......... Integrated Circuit TNY268P
  • OPT....... TLP181 Opto-Coupler
  • D1, D2 ... Diode 1N4007
  • D3 ......... Fast Diode FR307
  • D4 ......... Zener Diode *See Text

Resistor

  • R1 .... Resistor 10Ω / 1W (brown, black, black, gold)
  • R2 .... Resistor 200KΩ / 1/4W (red, black, yellow, gold)
  • R3 .... Resistor 470Ω / 1/4W (yellow, violet, brown, gold)

Capacitors

  • C1 ....... Electrolytic Capacitor 47uF/400V
  • C2 ....... Polyester Capacitor 2.2nF
  • C3 ....... Polyester Capacitor 100nF
  • C4 ....... Electrolytic Capacitor 470uF/35V

Several

  • T1 ......... EE-25 Ferrite Transformer
  • P1, P2 ... Connector WJ2EDGVC-5.08-2P
  • Others... PCI, Wires, Solders, Etc.

Printed Circuit Board - Download

In Figure 5 below, we are making the PCI available in GERBER, PDF and JPEG files, for those who want to create a more optimized assembly, either at home, or if you prefer, at a company that prints the board.

PCB-Mini Switching Power Supply 5V - 25V, 3A with TNY268

You can download the files for free from a direct link in the Download option below.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the mini switched power supply that provides a programable 5V to 25Vdc output is an excellent choice for various electronic devices. Its compact design, high efficiency, and low ripple and noise make it stand out compared to other similar products in the market.

Its safety features, such as short-circuit protection and overvoltage protection, ensure that connected devices are protected from damage. If you are looking for a reliable and efficient power supply for your electronic devices, then this mini switched power supply is a great choice.

You can see the official post by clicking here! fvml.com.br

I hope you enjoyed it!!!

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Monday, January 30, 2023

Switched Power Supply SMPS 13.8V 10A using IR2153 IC and IRF840, with PCB

13.8V-SMPS-Power-Supply-Using-IR2153-IC-and-IRF840-Mosfet

Para Versão em Portugues, clique aqui!

Switched Power Supply SMPS 13.8V 10A using IR2153 IC and IRF840, with PCB

This circuit is a straightforward design for an SMPS power supply, utilizing the IR2153 IC. This chip, which has only 8 pins, functions as a PWM controller, enabling the creation of a high-performing and cost-effective unregulated switching power supply for basic projects.

The output voltage of this power supply is set at 13.8V and can be adjusted via the trimpot RV1. It also provides a steady current of 10A at its output.

The Circuit

The circuit basically consists of 8 main steps:

  1. Protection Circuit: It comprises a 5A/250V fuse, which operates if there is a current greater than the fuse's breaking current.
    At the same time we also have an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient), it is a surge current limiter, this same topology can be found in most SMPS power supplies, such as notebook power supplies, PC power supplies, computer AT / ATX power supplies, etc.

  2. Transient Filter: This step consists of an initial capacitive filter that inhibits high frequencies from returning to the network, or vice versa, and soon after, the EMI filter coil, which serves to attenuate high frequency noise.

  3. Primary Rectification: Made up of the D1 rectifier bridge.

  4. Primary Filter: Composed of capacitors C4 and C5.

  5. Switching: Composed of a PWM generator, and the IRF840 power MOSFETS transistors.

  6. Transformer: The transformer is a high-frequency Chopper Trafo, and it performs the isolation and high-frequency transformation of the signal generated by the PWM set and switching transistors.

  7. Fast Rectification: Formed by diode D3, this is a fast and double diode, since the oscillated frequency in the circuit is quite high.

  8. Output filter: Composed of inductor L2 and capacitor C9.

Caution

This circuit works directly connected to the electrical network, this is extremely dangerous, any carelessness, or wrong connections, design error, or any other occasion, can lead to irreversible damage.

We are not responsible for any type of occurrence. If you don't have enough experience, don't build this circuit, and if you build it, when testing it, be sure to have the proper protections and be accompanied by someone else.

The PWM Circuit

The power supply for the IR2153 IC comes through a 27K 5W power-limiting resistor together with the C5 capacitor. In the internal package of this IC, there is already a 15.6V Zener diode, which stabilizes this voltage, but the current is low.

So, be careful not to put the resistor R3 with a smaller resistance, as it would increase the current at the input of the IC, and the Zener could break and consequently burn the IC.

An improved solution would be to put a 15V Zener diode to ensure voltage stabilization and IC protection, which you can be doing if you wish.

If you are using the IR2153D, there is no need to use the D2 diode which is the FR107 or BA159, as this IC already has this diode internally, if it is the IR2153without the letter D”, leave it as it is in the schematic, “ with diode D2”.

The complete schematic diagram is displayed just below in Figure 2, both the diagram and the materials are available for download at the link below.

Figure-2-Schematic-Diagram-SMPS-13.8V-10A-power-supply

The Transformer

The TR1 transformer was taken from a scrap ATX power supply, the model is the IE-35A, but you can be using practically any model of ATX power supply Trafo.

There is no need to rewind the transformer, just pay attention to the Pinout that we will use for the Trafo, as shown in Figure 3 below.

Fig.3-ATX-power-supply-Trafo-wire-connection-diagram

The Trafo model used was the EI-35A, but we can also use any other AT or ATX power supply that has the same standards, such as models EI-33, ER35, TM3341101QC, ERL35, EI28, etc., as shown in Figure 4 below.

Fig.4-ATX-power -supply-transformer-model-EI-35A

The L1 inductor is the same used in the ATX power supply, we removed it and didn't make any changes, and the L2 inductor, from the output EMI filter.

You can also use the AT/ATX power supply scrap, but if you want to wind your own filter, you can wind it on a Ferrite Toroidal core.

The winding must be carried out using a Toroidal core winding, with the coil using 0.6 mm super-enamelled copper wire with 25 turns.

Component List

  • Semiconductors
  • CI1 ......... Integrated Circuit IR2153D, or IR2153 (See Text)
  • Q1, Q2 ... IRF840 MOSFET transistors
  • D1 .......... KBU606 Diode Bridge (or Equivalent)
  • D2 .......... FR107 or BA159 Fast Diode (or Equivalent)
  • D3 .......... MBR3045PT Diodes Fast  (or Equivalent)

  • Resistors
  • R1, R2 .... 150KΩ resistor - (brown, green, yellow, gold)
  • R3 .......... 27KΩ 5W resistor – (red, violet, orange, gold)
  • R4 ...........8K2Ω resistor – (gray, red, red, gold)
  • R5, R6 ... 10Ω resistor – (brown, black, black, gold)
  • RV1 ....... 47kΩ trimpot 
  • NTC1..... 5Ω thermistor

  • Capacitors
  • C1, C2 ... 470nF - 400V Polyester Capacitor 
  • C3, C4 ... 330uF - 200V Electrolytic capacitor 
  • C5, C7 ... 100uF - 25V Electrolytic capacitor 
  • C6 .......... 680pF Polyester Capacitor 
  • C8 .......... 2.2uF - 400V Polyester Capacitor 
  • C9 .......... 2200uF - 25V Electrolytic capacitor 

  • Miscellaneous
  • L1, L2 .... Inductor *see text
  • TR1 ....... Transformer *see text
  • F1 .......... 5A Solderable fuse
  • Other...... Wire, Solder, Plate, Etc.

Printed Circuit Board

We provide the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files. These files are available for free download, on the MEGA server, in a direct link, without any bypass. 

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

You can see the official post by clicking here! fvml.com.br

I hope you enjoyed it!!!

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Saturday, December 31, 2022

RJ45 Ethernet Cable Color Standard - T568A and T568B - EIA/TIA Standard

Demystifying RJ45 Ethernet Cable Color Standards: T568A vs. T568B in EIA/TIA Standard

Back in the past, a few decades ago, there were no standard regulations for the wiring of structured networks in the IT industry.

The standards for these networks were decided upon by the companies or professionals responsible for installing the wired networks. 

This lack of standardization made it difficult to maintain or modify the network structures of companies, especially when done by another company or professional.

To address this issue and with the increasing growth of technology and infrastructure for wired networks, the TIA/EIA standards were developed. 

In 1991, the TIA/EIA, 568A and 568B standards were introduced by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) to standardize the electrical and electronic connections of network cables and their connections. 

The 568A standard was revised in 1994 to include Category 4 and Category 5 (UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair) wiring, and in 2001 the EIA/TIA 568-B standard was published, covering a total of 10 different categories.

You may be interested in: 

T568A and T568B Categories

There are two different categories of TIA/EIA standards, commonly known as RJ45 Standard B and RJ45 Standard A, which are actually T568A and T568B.

These are termination standards used by Internet Providers, Backbone Infrastructure, Industrial Wiring Infrastructure, and also by small businesses and residential wiring.

However, the difference between these two categories is that the orange/white and green/white pairs, which correspond to pins 1 & 2, 3 & 6, are exchanged in the assembly of the cable, as illustrated in Figure 1 below.

Fig.1-Standard-Colors-Cable-Network-RJ45-T-568A-T-568B-Standard-EIA/TIA

It is worth remembering that even with changes to the set of pairs, when the same standards are used at both ends of the cable, the results will be the same, with direct connections at their ends.

In Table 1 below, we have the configuration of the pins and their corresponding colors, following the two standards side by side for comparison.

Sequential Table of Colors and Pinning Standard T-568A and T-568B

PinT-568AT-568B
1White/GreenWhite/Orange
2Green        Orange
3White/OrangeWhite/Green
4BlueBlue 
5White/BlueWhite/Blue
6OrangeGreen
7White/BrownWhite/Brown
8BrownBrown

The T568A standard is the widely accepted standard because it is compatible with most wiring schemes and is what I recommend for most applications.

Crossover Cable

Crossover cables, use the T-568A and T-568B standards at each end as illustrated in Figure 2 below. These categories of cables are used when we need to, for example, connect two computers or laptops without using a router or switch.

Fig. 2 - Connection of Crossover Cable Standards T-568A and T-568B

It is worth remembering that if you are still using older equipment, you should not connect crossover cables between the computer and a switch or router, as in some cases it can damage the equipment.

Now if you work with newer, more modern equipment, they use AUTO MDI/MDIX technology, which automatically identifies the connected interface and even if it is of the crossover type, there is no problem, as it automatically configures itself.

I hope you enjoyed it!!!

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Monday, July 4, 2022

Automatic Programmable 4.2V Battery Charge, Current up to 500mA using LTH7R IC with PCB

Automatic Programmable 4.2V Battery Charge, Current up to 500mA using LTH7R IC

Effortless Battery Charging: Build an Automatic Programmable 4.2V Charger with up to 500mA Current Using LTH7R IC and PCB

The LTH7R IC is a constant current or constant voltage base charger chip, mainly used for single cell lithium battery charging.

No external sensing resistor is needed, it has its internal power MOSFET structure, so no external reverse diode is needed.

The LTH7R IC has under temperature protection and control, it adjusts the charging current automatically to limit high temperature on the chip.

Its charging voltage is fixed at 4.2V, and the charging current can be adjusted by an external resistor.
When the float voltage is reached and the charging current drops to 1/10 of the defined circuit, the LTH7R IC automatically completes the charging process.

Fig. 2 - Pinout LTH7R IC

When the input source voltage is removed, the LTH7R IC automatically enters low current mode, drawing less than 2uA from the battery.

When the LTH7R IC enters standby mode, the supply current is less than 25uA. The LTH7R IC can also monitor charging current, has the features of voltage detection, auto-cycle charging, and has an indicator pin to indicate end-of-charge status and input voltage status.

Features

  • Programmable charging current up to 500mA
  • No need for external MOSFET, sensing resistor, reverse diode
  • Constant current or constant voltage mode operation, with thermal protection function Preset charging voltage
  • Standby current is 20uA
  • 2.9V slow charge voltage
  • Soft start limits the inrush current
  • Adopt SOT23-5 package, application line

Product application

  • Microphone Battery
  • Light Camera
  • Mobile Phones, PDAs, MP3 players
  • Bluetooth headsets 

External programming of the load current:

PROG (pin 5): Constant current load current setting and load current monitoring terminal. The load current can be programmed by connecting an external resistor from the PROG pin to ground.

In the pre-charge phase, the voltage of this pin is modulated by 0.1V; in the constant current charging stage, the voltage of this pin is fixed at 1V.

In all charging state modes, measuring the voltage of this pin can estimate the charging current according to the following formula:

General Formula:

I_bat = 1000 / R_prog

To use, for example, in a charger whose required current is 300mA, we can use the formula as follows:

  • I_bat = 1000/ R_prog
  • R_prog = 1000 / I_bat
  • R_prog = 1000 / 300
  • R_Prog = 3.3K

To use, for example, in a charger whose current required is the maximum current, 500mA, we can use the formula as follows:

  • I_bat = 1000/ R_prog
  • R_prog = 1000 / I_bat
  • R_prog = 1000 / 500
  • R_Prog = 2K

We leave just below a small table ready with five models with the standard currents for the battery charger.

Model R_prog I_bat
1 10K 100mA
2 5K 200mA
3 3,3K 300mA
4 2,5K 400mA
5
2K
500mA

The Circuit Schematic

In Figure 3, below, we can see the schematic diagram of the Automatic Programmable 4.2V Battery Charge, Current up to 500mA using LTH7R IC.

All circuit components are SMD, the power supply input is done by soldering on the PCB. This type of miniaturized SMD circuit is great to be implemented in circuits with small spaces.

The capacitors are SMD electrolytic, but if you have tantalum capacitors, you can put them on, it will help with the plate height, but if you can't find them, you can use electrolytic.

The charger circuit supports voltage between 4.4V to 7V, the recommended is 5V, which is great news for us to be able to charge our battery in a PC USB port or even with cell phone chargers.

Fig. 3 - Automatic Programmable 4.2V Battery Charge, Current up to 500mA using TH7R IC

Printed Circuit Board

In Figure 4, we provide the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files. These files are available for free download, on the MEGA server, in a direct link, without any bypass.

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 4 - PCB Automatic Programmable 4.2V Battery Charge, Current up to 500mA using TH7R IC

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

I hope you enjoyed it!!!

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Wednesday, June 22, 2022

5A, 1.22V to 26V, 500kHz Step-Down Converter Using RT8289 IC with PCB

Fig. 1 - 5A, 1.22V to 26V, 500kHz Step-Down Converter Using RT8289 IC with PCB

Powerful 5A Step-Down Converter: Build a Versatile 1.22V to 26V Solution at 500kHz with RT8289 IC and PCB

This is a DC-DC 5A, 1.22V to 26V, 500kHz Step-Down Converter Using RT8289 IC, it works with a Step-Down conversion system.

This powerful chip manages to work with very few external components and provides a preset voltage between 1.22V to 26V, with 5 Amps of output current.

General  IC Description

The RT8289 is a step-down regulator with an internal Power MOSFET. It achieves 5A of continuous output current over a wide input supply range with excellent load and line regulation.

Current mode operation provides fast transient response and eases loop stabilization. The RT8289 provides protections such as cycle-by-cycle current limiting and thermal shutdown.

In shutdown mode, the regulator draws 25A of supply current. The  RT8289  requires  a  minimum  number  of  external components, to provide a compact solution. The  RT8289  is  available  in  a  SOP-8  (Exposed  Pad) package.

Features

  • High Output Current up to 5A
  • Internal Soft-Start
  • 100mΩ Internal Power MOSFET Switch 
  • Internal  Compensation  Minimizes  External  Parts Count
  • High Efficiency up to 90%
  • 25μA Shutdown Current
  • Fixed 500kHz Frequency
  • Thermal Shutdown Protection
  • Cycle-by-Cycle Over Current Protection
  • Wide 5.5V to 32V Operating Input Range
  • Adjustable Output  Voltage from 1.222V to 26V
  • Available in an SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) Package
  • RoHS Compliant and Halogen Free

Output Voltage Setting

To define the output voltage, we use a voltage divider formed by 2 resistors, R1 and R2, this allows the FB pin of the integrated circuit to detect changes in the output voltage, and recalibrate the circuit keeping it stabilized.

To set this output voltage, we can calculate the external resistive divider, according to the equation formulated below:

  • VOUT = VREF *(1 + (R1/R2))
    • Where VREF is the reference voltage (type 1.222V).
    • Where R1 = 10kΩ.

We exemplify in our circuit, the voltage divider is formed by R1 and R2.

General Formula:

  • VOUT = VREF *(1 + R1/R2)
  • Where VREF is the reference voltage (type 1.222V).
  • Where R1 = 10kΩ.

For a 3.3V output, our formula would look like:

  • Vout = 1,222 * (1+ (10/5.8))
  • Vout = 3.328V

For a 5V output, our formula would look like:

  • Vout = 1,222 * (1+ (10/3.16))
  • Vout = 5,089V

For a 9V output, our formula would look like:

  • Vout = 1,222 * (1+ (10/1.57))
  • Vout = 9,005V

For a 12V output, our formula would look like:

  • Vout = 1,222 * (1+ (10/1.13))
  • Vout = 12,036V

For a 26V output, our formula would look like:

  • Vout = 1,222 * (1+ (10/0.493))
  • Vout = 26,009V

We may be using a trimpot instead of R2, this allows you to vary the output voltage through the Trimpot.

The Circuit Schematic

In Figure 2, below, we can see the schematic diagram of the Low Noise and High Frequency 5A DC-DC Step-Down Converter.

All circuit components are SMD, except the terminal blocks, “optional”, you can solder directly to the board. This type of SMD circuit is great to be implemented in miniaturized circuits.

It is preferable to use tantalum capacitors, but if you cannot find them, electrolytic capacitors can be used, but for more sensitive circuits, we recommend using tantalum.

The DC-DC converter supports input from 5.5V to 32V, and at the output it maintains the preset voltage completely stabilized.

Fig. 2 - Schematic 5A, 1.22V to 26V, 500kHz Step-Down Converter Using RT8289 IC

Printed Circuit Board

In Figure 3, we provide the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files. These files are available for free download, on the MEGA server, in a direct link, without any bypass.

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

The PCB tracks are doubled, the main ones have their tracks on the bottom and top of the PCB as the current is 5 amps.

Fig. 3 - PCB 5A, 1.22V to 26V, 500kHz Step-Down Converter Using RT8289 IC

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

I hope you enjoyed it!!!

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!