Electronic Circuits

Friday, December 3, 2021

5W Stereo Audio Amplifier Circuit using TEA2025 IC + PCB

Electronic Circuits Amplifier , Circuits to Assemble

In this article, we show you how to build a simple and portable 5W stereo audio amplifier using the TEA 2025 Integrated Circuit.

This circuit built based on TEA2025 IC which is a monolithic integrated audio amplifier in a 16-pin plastic dual in line package manufactured by UTC.

The circuit has Internal Thermal Protector. It is designed for portable cassette players, mp3 players and radios.

You can also use it as your smartphone or PC audio amplifier. This circuit requires 9V power supply to work, you may use a power supply circuit with output 9V 500mA DC current or a 9V lead acid battery.

Features

The power supply voltage range is from 3V to 15V.
Working Voltage down to 3V
Few External components
Dual or Bridge Connection Modes
High Channel isolation
Very low switch On/Off Noise
Voltage gain up to 45dB(Adjustable with external resistor)
Soft clipping
Internal Thermal protection

Working Explanation

This amplifier, in the configuration presented in this article, is 2 channels, has an output power of 2.5 watts per channel.

For those who want to use a single channel, you can be using it in bridge mode, and you will have an output power of 5W.

Input Capacitor

The input capacitor is PNP type, allowing the source to be referenced to ground. In this way, no input coupling capacitor is required.

However, a series capacitor (0.22 uF)to the input side can be useful in case of noise due to variable resistor contact.

Bootstrap

The bootstrap connection allows increasing the output swing. The suggested value for the bootstrap capacitors (100uF) avoids a reduction of the output signal also at low frequencies and low supply voltages.

This amplifier in this 2-channel configuration, has an output power of 2.5 watts per channel, and you may be using it in bridge mode, and you will have an output of 5W.

Power supply

The power supply is direct current, "Vdc", the voltage supported by this amplifier is up to 15V, with a peak current of 1.5 amps.

The voltage input pin is located on pin 16 of TEA2025 IC, while pins 4, 5, 9, 13, 12 are grounded to GND.

Applications

Electronic Instruments
PC sound speaker
Home theater systems
Hi-fi electronic gadgets and devices
Robotics applications
Children’s gadgets and toys, etc.

In Figure 1 below, we show the complete 5W Stereo Audio Amplifier Circuit using TEA2025 IC, and that you can download the files in option; Download files below at the bottom of the page.

Fig. 1 - Schematic 5W Stereo Audio Amplifier Circuit using TEA2025 IC

Components List

U1 ................................ TEA2025 Integrated circuit
R1, R2 ......................... 10K resistor (brown, black, orange, gold)
C1, C2 ......................... 0.47uF ceramic, polyester capacitor
C3, C4, C5, C6, C9 ..... 100uF electrolytic capacitor
C7, C11 ....................... 470uF electrolytic capacitor
C8, C10 ....................... 0.15uF ceramic, polyester capacitor
P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 ....... Screw Terminal Type 5mm 2-Pin Connector

Others ......................... PCB, tin, wires, etc.

PCB - Download

We provide the files with the PCB, the schematic, the PDF, GERBER and JPG, PNG and provide a direct link for free download and a direct link, "MEGA".

Fig. 2 - 5W Stereo Audio Amplifier Circuit using TEA2025

Click on the direct link to download the files: Layout PCB, PDF, GERBER, JPG

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments, and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

High Precision 5 Volts 3 Amp Voltage Regulator Circuit using TL431 + PCB

Electronic Circuits Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits

Circuits with a high level of sensitivity require a stable supply, they are generally difficult to be powered by power supplies, due to the high level of sensitivity needed to provide stable voltage in the circuit.

However, we are introducing a stabilized power supply with an accurate output to power any sensitive circuit, such as microcontroller circuits, microprocessor circuits, RF transmission, PICs, and so on.

Today we are going to build a very precise circuit, which uses a very well-known component that is widely used in SMPS power supplies, especially ATX PC power supplies, “which looks more like a transistor”.

The 3-Pin TL431 Integrated Circuit, It offers better stability, less temperature deviation (VI (dev)) and less reference current (Iref) for greater system accuracy.

You may be interested in:

The TL431 device is an adjustable tap regulator with thermal stability specified in the applicable automotive, commercial, and military temperature ranges.

The output voltage can be set to any value between Vref (approximately 2.5V) to 36V, with two external resistors. These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2 Ω.

The active output circuitry provides a very crisp activation characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for Zener diodes in many applications such as integrated regulation, tunable power supplies and switched power supplies.

Characteristics

Reference voltage tolerance at 25°C
0.5% (class B)
1% (class A)
2% (standard class)
Adjustable output voltage: Vref to 36V
Operation from -40 °C to 125 °C
Typical temperature deviation (TL43xB)
6 mV (temperature C)
14 mV (I Temp, Q Temp)
Low output noise
0.2 Ω typical output impedance
Sink current capacity: 1 mA to 100 mA
Application
Adjustable voltage and current reference
Secondary lateral adjustment in Flyback SMPSs
Zener Replacement
voltage monitoring
Comparator with integrated reference

In Figure 2 below, we have the schematic diagram of the High Precision Voltage Regulator Circuit with TL431 IC, the LM350 IC, provides a current of up to 3 Amps.

Fig. 1 - High Precision 5 Volts 3 Amp Voltage Regulator Circuit - TL431

With the TL431 IC, they provide a precise 5V output, which is often necessary for precision microcontrollers, sensitive equipment, that require a stabilized voltage, this circuit is ideal for that.

The power supply must provide a current of at least 3 Amps. Its input voltage must be greater than 7 Volts, to avoid overheating the LM350 IC, voltages no greater than 15V must be used.

Components List

CI 1 ......... Voltage Regulator Circuit LM350
CI 2 ......... Adjustable Regulator Circuit TL431
R1 ........... 8K2Ω Resistor (grey, red, red)
R2, R3 ..... Precision resistor 243Ω 1% (red, yellow, orange, black, brown)
P1, P2 ..... Soldering terminals on 2-pin PCI
Others ..... Printed Circuit Board, tin, wires, etc.

Download

We provide the files with the PCB, the schematic, the PDF, GERBER and JPG, PNG and provide a direct link for free download and a direct link, "MEGA".
Fig. 2 - High Precision 5 Volts 3 Amp Voltage Regulator Circuit - TL431

Click on the direct link to download the files: Layout PCB, PDF, GERBER, JPG
If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.
Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!
My Best Regards!!!

Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers using Calculation + PCB

Electronic Circuits Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits

Fig. 1 - Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers

For power amplifier lovers, who build their own audio power amplifiers, here is a good full wave rectifier linear symmetric power supply that will meet the power demand without leaving anything to be desired in terms of stability.

This power supply is designed for amplifiers with power up to 2500W, it will work without any problems with great stability.

Most power amplifier circuits require a symmetrical power supply, and what differs from each other is always the power required from the supply.

As we know, a good power supply with good filtering will determine the quality and final power of your amplifier.

You may be interested in:

The complete schematic diagram of the power supply is shown below in Figure 2, it is a simple but complete power supply.

Fig.2 - Electrical schematic Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers

However, it is worth remembering that for each amplifier power range, we can assemble a type of power supply according to the power of your amplifier.

We are presenting 3 different configurations to exemplify the different types of power amplifiers.

There are 3 examples of simplified formulas for you to calculate the power supply Current and Voltage according to the power of your amplifier.

Remembering that the PCB printed circuit board is the same for all configurations.

Configuration 1:

In this configuration, we can use amplifiers that have a total power up to 400W

We need to calculate the maximum power supply current, considering 45V supply, and the maximum power of 400W. Calculating ohms Law: P = V * I

I = P / V
I = 400/45
I = 8.88A

Now you need to stipulate the maximum ripple allowed in your design, in this case: If you set the maximum ripple voltage to 5%!

V_ripple = V_ps * 5%
V_ripple = 45V * 5%
V_ripple = 2.25V

Once the maximum ripple voltage has been stipulated, we need to calculate the capacitor for that ripple at 5% of the source, "You may be calculating the percentage that best suits your design."

Capacitor Calculation Formula : C = I / F * V_ripple

C = 8.88 / 120 * 2.25
C = 8.88 / 270
C = 0.032888 = > C = 32.888X10^-6 = 32.888uF

As our board was designed to support 6 capacitors. We can divide the entire value into uF and divide by 6 Capacitors.

C_individual = 32.888 / 6
C_individual = 5.481uF

For a closer commercial capacitors value, we have:

C_individual = 6.800uF / 63V

6 x 6.800uF Capacitor
15A rectifier bridge

Configuration 2:

In this configuration, we can use amplifiers that have a total power up to 1200W

We need to calculate the maximum power supply current, considering 75V supply, and the maximum power of 1200W. Calculating ohms Law: P = V * I

I = P / V
I = 1200/75
I = 16A

Now you need to stipulate the maximum ripple allowed in your design, in this case: If you set the maximum ripple voltage to 5%!

V_ripple = V_ps * 5%
V_ripple = 75V * 5%
V_ripple = 3.75V

Once the maximum ripple voltage has been stipulated, we need to calculate the capacitor for that ripple at 5% of the source, "You may be calculating the percentage that best suits your design."

Capacitor Calculation Formula : V_ripple = I / F * C

C = I / F * V_ripple
C = 16 / 120 * 3.75
C = 16 / 450
C = 0.035555 = > C = 35.555X10^-6 = 35.555uF

As our board was designed to support 6 capacitors. We can divide the entire value into uF and divide by 6 Capacitors.

C_individual = 35.555 / 6
C_individual = 5.925uF

For a closer commercial capacitors value, we have:

C_individual = 6.800uF / 100V

6 x 6.800uF Capacitor
25A rectifier bridge

Configuration 3:

In this configuration, we can use amplifiers that have a total power up to 2500W

We need to calculate the maximum power supply current, considering 95V supply, and the maximum power of 2500W. Calculating ohms Law: P = V * I

I = P / V
I = 2500/95
I = 26A

Now you need to stipulate the maximum ripple allowed in your design, in this case: If you set the maximum ripple voltage to 5%!

V_ripple = V_ps * 5%
V_ripple = 95V * 5%
V_ripple = 4.75V

Once the maximum ripple voltage has been stipulated, we need to calculate the capacitor for that ripple at 5% of the source, "You may be calculating the percentage that best suits your design."

Capacitor Calculation Formula : C = I / F * V_ripple

C = 26 / 120 * 4.75
C = 26 / 570
C = 0.045614 = > C = 45.614X10^-6 = 45.614uF

As our board was designed to support 6 capacitors. We can divide the entire value into uF and divide by 6 Capacitors.

C_individual = 45.614 / 6
C_individual = 7.602uF

For a closer commercial capacitors value, we have:

C_individual = 10.000uF / 200V

6 x 10.000uF Capacitor
40A rectifier bridge

Download

We provide the files with the PCB, the schematic, the PDF, GERBER and JPG, PNG and provide a direct link for free download and a direct link, "MEGA".

Click on the direct link to download the files: Layout PCB, PDF, GERBER, JPG

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

3-Band Active Equalizer Circuit using LF353 IC + PCB

Electronic Circuits Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits

Fig. 1 - PCB 3-Band Active Equalizer Circuit with LF353 IC

This three-band active graphic equalizer circuit is an active filter set for three basic audio equalization ranges, bass, mid and treble. The circuit is based on the LF353 operational amplifier integrated circuit.

The LF353 is a two-input JFET operational amplifier with an internally compensated input offset voltage. The JFET input device provides wide bandwidth, low input bias currents and offset currents.

5-Band Graphic Equalizer Circuit with LF353 IC + PCB
1W Amplifier for Stereo Headphone with IC TDA2822 + PCB

Features

Internally Trimmed Offset Voltage: 10 mV
Low Input Bias Current: 50pA
Low Input Noise Voltage: 25 nV/√Hz
Low Input Noise Current: 0.01 pA/√Hz
Wide gain bandwidth: 4 MHz
High slew rate: 13V / μs
Low Supply Current: 3.6 mA
High Input Impedance: 1012Ω
Low Total Harmonic Distortion : ≤0.02%
Low 1/f Noise Corner: 50 Hz
Fast Settling Time to 0.01%: 2 μs

The equalizer circuit.

The 3-band Equalizer use a Integrated Circuits operational amplifier LF353, and the capacitors determine the frequencies, the higher their capacitance, the lower the cutoff frequencies.

The proposed equalizer is a 2-octave graphic equalizer with a 3-band circuit, the cut-off frequencies are at: 150Hz, 1kHz and 12kHz.

This circuit was assembled with LF353, but nothing prevents you from using other replacement pin compatible ICs, such as: LM1558, RC4558, LM358 etc.

The recommended supply voltage is between ±11V and ±15V, but note that the maximum voltage IC supports is ±18V. The IC consumption current is 6.5mA maximum, and 3.6mA average.

The IC has two internal amplifiers, we get a amplifier for each frequency and the last one for the final amplification of the entire circuit. In Figure 2 below, the pinout and configuration of the LF353 integrated circuit is shown.

Fig. 2 - Pinout IC LF353

In Figure 3 below, we show the complete 3-band equalizer circuit, and that you can download the files in option; Download files below at the bottom of the page.

Fig. 3 - Schematic Diagram 3-band Active Equalizer Circuit with LF353 IC

Components List

U1 .............. Integrated circuit LF353
R1, R2, R5, R6 ... 10K resistor (brown, black, orange, gold)
R3, R7 ................ 3.6K resistor (orange, green, red, gold)
R4, R8 ................ 1.8K resistor (brown, gray, red, gold)
C1 ...................... 4.7uF electrolytic capacitor
C2 ...................... 1uF electrolytic capacitor
C3 ...................... 50nF polyester capacitor
C4, C6 ............... 5nF polyester capacitor
C5 ...................... 22nF polyester capacitor
VR1 .................... 47K Potentiometer
VR2, VR3 .......... 100K Potentiometer
VR4 .................... 500K Potentiometer
P1 ....................... Screw Terminal Type 5mm 3-Pin Connector
P2, P3 .................. Screw Terminal Type 5mm 2-Pin Connector

Others .................. PCB, tin, wires, etc.

Download

We provide the files with the PCB, the schematic, the PDF, GERBER and JPG, PNG and provide a direct link for free download and a direct link, "MEGA".

Click on the direct link to download the files: Layout PCB, PDF, GERBER, JPG

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

Electronic Circuits Arduino , Arduino Mini Course

Fig. 1 - Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

Welcome to Lesson 9 - Basic Arduino Course

In today's lesson, we will learn how to use 5 LEDs connected to 5 Arduino ports, which will light up in sequence and right after the cycle ends, will go out in sequence. With that, we will learn a new instruction, the Array data structure.

What is Array?

An array is a collection of variables that are accessed with an index number. However, the "array" data structure is not exactly an existing data type.

There are arrays of variables like "char", "int", "boolean", "float" and so on. This means that an array can be variables of any type mentioned above.

An array, or vector, for example, is a collection of variables of a specific type, which may even use the same nomenclature, but which will be distinguished by an indexed number.

For example: We can use a variable type "float" with a single name indexed by number, instead of different variables (VarFloat_1, VarFloat_2, VarFloat_3...) we can use a single grouped array with the same nomenclature that will allow each variable be manipulated separately by a numerical index, (VarFloat [0], VarFloat [1], VarFloat [2] ...).

Hardware Required

Arduino Board
5 - LEDs
5 - 250 ohms resistor - (brown, green, brown, gold)
Jumper Wires
Protoboard (optional)

The Circuit Connections

The circuit is a bit simple, we connect the longer "Anode" legs of the 5 LEDs to the positive 5V of the Arduino, and the other shorter leg "Cathode", we connect to the 150 ohm resistor and in series with GND, negative of the Arduino, as shown in Figure 2 below.

Fig. 2 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure - tinkercad.com

We use a protoboard to facilitate the connections, but you can also connect the wires directly to the Arduino.

The Code

The code can be implemented in the normal way in programming, as shown in the code below. But the code is quite large, we use 42 lines of code to create this kind of sequential LED circuit. To write less lines of code, an "optimizer" is required.

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// Arduino: Lesson 9 - LED Sequencing using Array Data Structure

const int Led1 = 2; // Select the output LED1 PIN

const int Led2 = 3; // Select the output LED2 PIN

const int Led3 = 4; // Select the output LED3 PIN

const int Led4 = 5; // Select the output LED4 PIN

const int Led5 = 6; // Select the output LED5 PIN

void setup() { // This function is called once when the program starts

pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT); // Initialize digital pin LED1 as an output.

pinMode(Led2, OUTPUT); // Initialize digital pin LED2 as an output.

pinMode(Led3, OUTPUT); // Initialize digital pin LED3 as an output.

pinMode(Led4, OUTPUT); // Initialize digital pin LED4 as an output.

pinMode(Led5, OUTPUT); // Initialize digital pin LED5 as an output.

}

void loop() { // The loop function runs over and over again as long as the Arduino has power.

// Turn ON each LED sequence in order

digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);