Thursday, September 24, 2020

HI FI 32W Audio Amplifier - TDA2050 - Simple PS + PCB

Fig 1 - Hi-Fi 32W Audio Amplifier PCB

The circuit given here is a 32 Watt amplifier using the famous TDA2050V IC from ST Microelectronics.

The amplifier is built around a single integrated circuit, the TDA2050V that is an integrated monolithic 32 Watt class AB audio amplifier IC available in the Pentawatt package. The IC has a lot of good features as shown below.

  • High Output Power
  • 50W Music Power IEC 268.3 Rules
  • High Operating Supply Voltage - 50V
  • Single or Split Supply Operations
  • Very Low Distortion
  • Short Circuit Protection  - OUT to GND
  • Thermal Shutdown

Description

The TDA 2050 is a monolithic integrated circuit intended for use as an audio class AB audio amplifier. Thanks to its high power capability the TDA2050 is able to provide up to 35W true RMS power how showed below:

  • Into 4 ohm load @ THD = 10%, VS = ±18V, f = 1KHz up to 35W
  • Into 8 ohm load @ THD = 10%, VS = ±22V, f = 1KHz up to 32W
  • Into 4 ohm load over 1 sec at VS= 22.5V, f = 1KHz up to 50W

The high power and very low harmonic and crossover distortion THD = 0.05% typ, @ VS = ±22V, PO = 0.1 to 15W, RL=8ohm, f = 100Hz to 15KHz) make the device most suitable for both HiFi and high class TV sets.

The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2 below, it is a simple circuit to assemble, and to use it in Stereo, we can assemble two of the same, one for each channel.

Fig. 2 - Schematic diagram Hi Fi 32W Audio Amplifier - TDA2050

Components List

The recommended values of the external components are those shown below. Different values can be used, however, to better performance, you must use these values.

Parts List

  • U1 ............................ Integrated Circuit TDA2050 Audio Power Amplifier
  • R1, R2, R3, R5 ........ 22KΩ 1/4w Resistor
  • R4 ............................ 680Ω 1/4w Resistor
  • R6 ............................ 2.2Ω 1/4w Resistor
  • C1 ............................ 2.2uF /25V Electrolytic capacitor
  • C2 ............................ 100uF /25V Electrolytic capacitor
  • C3, C7 ..................... 1000uF /50V Electrolytic capacitor
  • C4 ............................ 22uF /25V Electrolytic capacitor
  • C5 ............................ 100nF  Polyester Capacitor
  • C6 ............................. 0.47uF Polyester Capacitor
  • RP1 .......................... 47KΩ Potentiometer
  • P1, P2, P3 ................ Screw Terminal Block: 2-Pin, 5 mm
  • Miscellaneous .......... Heatsink, screw, solder, etc.

Printed Circuit Board

We're providing the Printed Circuit Board, we leave the GERBER, PDF, LAYOUT files, to be downloaded at the link below.

Downloadable files

Files: Gerber, Layout in PDF, PNG, for download. Direct link: Click Here!

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

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Monday, September 14, 2020

How Switched Mode Power Supply Works - SMPS - ATX

ATX Switched-Mode Power Supplies have some interesting features when compared to standard Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS).

In the ATX power supply, there are different output voltages: + 12V, + 5V, + 3.3V, -12V, -5V and 5VSB. There are some variations on these types of Power Supply, but in the general context, the pattern is this.
The way SMPS work is pretty much the same.
They control the output voltage by opening and closing the switching circuit so as to maintain the opening and closing time of this circuit, that is, the width of the pulses and their frequencies, to obtain the desired voltage.

There are separate processes for everything to work smoothly.
So let's see the modular diagram to unravel the steps of these processes so that we can step by step understanding.
This is the block in modules divided by steps, to improve our understanding.
 
 
There are 10 basic steps to running an ATX power supply, there are other underlying modules that are intrinsic in the steps, but, we'll not go as deep as it would be extremely great this Blogger, for those who want to watch the explanatory video with details in Portuguese. On the original post channel from YouTube.

Original Portuguese Version: Click Here

Step 1 - Transient Filter

Is through that stage that the voltage coming from your network, whether 110 or 220V AC should enter.
Transient Filter

This voltage goes through basic protection, the fuse, that if some step ahead short, the fuse opens, avoiding to burst everything ahead, and in the same line, we have the NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient), It's a surge current limiter, in series with the electric circuit,

In it the value of ohmic resistance decreases as its temperature rises, its initial resistance is approximately 15 Ohms, which we can understand by the Ohms' law, the advantages one has in using it in series after the power supply switches it on lowers its resistance to approximately 0.5 Ohms.

EMI filters also exist, these are used to avoid high-frequency noise and a huge amount of harmonics generated by the switches that can propagate through the electrical network and cause interference in nearby electronic equipment.

Step 2 - Primary Rectification

Primary Rectification
 
In this stage we find the rectifier bridge or an arrangement formed by four common diodes, which has the function of rectifying a full-wave voltage, that is, rectifying an alternating electric current (AC), transforming it into a continuous electric current ( DC).

Step 3 - Filtration

Filtration
 
After rectification, the DC signal, Ripples (which are small variations, the capacitors are responsible for the filtering and stabilization IE, a decrease of these Ripples, in the rectified voltage, this voltage rises to something around 300V, which are used in the power switches, this part is fundamental to the correct stabilization of the source especially if its source is of high power.

Step 4 - Power Switches

Power Switches
 
These switches can be Bipolar Power Transistors such as MOSFETs, or any other type, but they differ from ordinary transistors, by the type of operation in which these transistors work, these switching transistors dissipate less power than a common working transistor in a linear source because they work as a switch on / off at high speeds, depending on the design of the source, they suffer variations that are usually between 20Khz to 100kHz, they are directly responsible for the output voltage, and stability of that voltage, through of the commands received by the Control Circuit.

Step 5 - Output Transformer

Output Transformer
 
The transformer is a high-frequency CHOPPER TRANSFORMER, and they also work with alternating voltage, when passing through the switches the voltage will be a square wave AC type PWM, but with high frequency, not with the same frequency of 60Hz of the input voltage.

The switches work on two different levels, High and Low, when it is HIGH, the voltage goes through it normally, causing a constant voltage level in the input of the coil of the transformer, the action of these transistors, goes from HIGH to LOW very quickly.

This will induce the winding to have the necessary voltages according to the winding and frequency placed on these switches.

Step 6 - Fast Rectifier

Fast Rectifier

With the voltage generated by high-frequency switches, a diode is needed to meet this demand, so we have the high-speed diodes called SCHOTTKY DIODES or fast recovery diodes since ordinary diodes would not be able to work with high-frequency voltages.

Step 7 - Output Filters

Output Filters

The inductor - This has the function of eliminating the high-frequency harmonics so that they do not travel to the equipment that will be fed, imagine if these harmonics pass to a micro-controller for example, could cause undue loads and errors of reading in the control processes.

And the Capacitors - They are the ones that filter and stabilize the voltage at the output, avoiding ripples and instabilities at the output.

Step 8 - Driver Transformer

Driver Transformer
 
The driver transformer in this case is nothing less than the one responsible for traffic the information coming from the Integrated Circuit Controller, and pass these commands to the switches, so as to bring insulation or electrical decoupling between primary and secondary, in this topology there is a pair of transistors that also switch the Transformer Drive to receive these PWM pulses from the driver IC, passing this information to the power step we already saw in Step 4.

Step 9 - PWM control

PWM control
 
The brain of a switched source is its PWM controller, they are dedicated integrated circuits, to perform that work, but they do not work alone, there are also current sensors, which also vary from source to source, but it is very likely that you will find in its source the TL341 IC, it has the aspect of a transistor, but, it is not a transistor, it is very popular for its cost-benefit.

This circuit is connected to the output of the power supply, receives Feedback, and directs the voltage information to the IC that controls the oscillator that generates a rectangular signal whose pulse width is controlled and sent to the Transformer Drive that sends these commands to the step of power.

If the power at the output to raise the voltage tends to drop, the circuit activates the instantaneous correction in the pulse width of the switching transistors and the voltage keeps stabilized.

Step 10 – Primary Power Supply VSB

Primary Power Supply VSB
 
VSB stands for Voltage Standby, which is technically a power supply that keeps its output active, whenever the source power cord is connected to the mains, its capacity is approximately 2 Amps, and this depends on the total power of the source, this active voltage line is to keep the circuit active and is necessary for when the power on button is activated through PSON, which is the start of the power supply, then the oscillator will activate the power line also powers the motherboard hardware to activate peripherals via software, keyboard, network, and so on.

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

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Sunday, September 13, 2020

5W BTL Audio Amplifier with DC volume control + PCB

Fig. 1 - 5W BTL Audio Amplifier PCB


This audio amplifier circuit is based on the TDA7056B, that's a mono Bridge-Tied Load (BTL) output amplifier with DC volume control. It is designed for use in, PC audio amplifiers, TVs, and monitors, but is also suitable for battery-fed portable recorders and radios. The device is contained in a 9-pin medium power package.

A Missing Current Limiter (MCL) is built-in. The MCL circuit is activated when the difference in current between the output terminal of each amplifier exceeds 100 mA (300 mA Typ.). This level of 100 mA allows for headphone applications (single-ended).

You might also be interested in:

This TDA7056 audio amplifier will provide a maximum output power of 5 watts into an 8 ohms load using a 6 volts power supply, or maximum output power of 3 watts into a 16 ohms load using an 11 volts power supply.

Fig. 2 - Schematic TDA7056 Audio Amplifier

The audio gain of the  IC is internally fixed at 40 dB. The maximum input voltage supported by this circuit is 18 volts. As we can see in the Figure 2  circuit diagram, we will need only a few components to build this audio amplifier.

VOLUME CONTROL

In conventional DC volume circuits, the control or input stage is coupled to the output stage via external capacitors to keep the compensation voltage low. In the TDA7056B, the DC volume control stage is integrated with the input stage, so coupling capacitors are not required. 

With this configuration, a low compensating voltage is still maintained and the minimum supply voltage remains low.

FEATURES

  • DC volume control
  • Few external components
  • Mute mode
  • Thermal protection
  • Short-circuit proof
  • No switch-on and switch-off clicks
  • Good overall stability
  • Low power consumption
  • Low HF radiation
  • ESD protected on all pins.

Material list

  • U1........................... TDA7056 – Audio Amplifier Integrated circuit
  • C1 .......................... 1uF - 25V – Electrolytic capacitor
  • C2 .......................... 0.47uF – Polyester Capacitor
  • C3 .......................... 100uF - 25V – Electrolytic capacitor
  • R1 .......................... 100K ohms - 1/8 W – "brown, black, yellow, gold"
  • R2 .......................... 1K ohms - 1/8 W – "brown, black, red, gold"
  • RP1 ........................ 22 k ohms –  Potentiometer
  • P1, P2, P3 ............... Kre Block Terminal Terminal 2-Way Double Connector
  • Miscellaneous ........ Printed Circuit Board, tin, wire, etc.

We are offering to download the link with the printed circuit board printing files, they are; Gerber, PDF layout, PNG, all the files with a direct link to Mega.

Direct link to download

Click in the link  to download the Files: PCB Layout, PDF, GERBER

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

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Saturday, September 12, 2020

PinOut - ARDUINO UNO Board - ATMega328PU

Main Features

Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. 

It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. 

You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too much about doing somethin

Click here to Datasheet

Source: arduino.cc

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Monday, August 31, 2020

Stabilized Power Supply 13.8V High Current 10 Amps with PCB

Fig 1 – Stabilized  Power Supply 13.8V High Current 10 Amps

This is an excellent and simple stabilized power supply of 13.8V and high current, 10 Amps. This power supply has great stability, and you can use it with a large number of projects, such as: 

Power supply for Radio Amateurs, which need a high current and excellent stabilization to work well, batteries chargers, since, 13.8V is a good voltage to charge most batteries, automotive sound power supply, etc. 

Finally, it can be used for countless types of projects, not to mention that its assembly is easy to build, using discrete components that are easy to acquire.
Figure 2 below, show the schematic diagram to be followed, with the arrangement of the components and their configurations.
Fig 2 – Stabilized Power Supply 13.8V High Current 10 Amps

Component List

  • U1 ………………... Linear Voltage Regulator LM7812
  • Q1, Q2, Q3 ………. PNP TIP36C Power Transistor
  • D1 ………………... Bridge Rectifier – KBPC5010 – 100V, 50A
  • D2, D3, D4 ………. Silicon Diodes 1N4007
  • LED1 …………….. Light Emitting Diode – LED 3mm or 5mm “General purpose”
  • R1, R2, R3 ……….  Power Resistor 0.1Ω 5W  (brown, black, silver, gold)
  • R4 ………………… Resistor 100Ω 3W (brown, black, brown)
  • R5 ………………… Resistor 1.5KΩ 1/4W (brown, red, red)
  • C1 ………………… Electrolytic Capacitor 10.000µF /35V
  • C2 ………………… Electrolytic Capacitor 470µF /35V
  • C3 ………………… Polyester/Ceramic Capacitor 0.1µF or 100nF
  • C4 ………………… Electrolytic Capacitor 4400µF /35V
  • J1, J2 ……………… Kre Block Terminal Terminal 2-Way Double Connector
  • Miscellaneous …….. Printed Circuit Board, tin, wire, etc.

The Transformer

The power transformer must have a supply capacity of at least 10 Amperes, this taking into account that you want to use this circuit for 10A.

You may be using a power transformer with a smaller capacity that will not harm the circuit, just making it clear, that if a power transformer with a lower current is placed, for example, 5A, at the output you will have a maximum of 5A

I said at most because, we know that there are losses due to dissipation, conversion, etc., but it’ll work, the voltage of the transformer must be at least 12Vac, and a maximum of 18Vac, for a more efficient operation.

We are offering to download the link with the printed circuit board printing files, they are; GerberPDF layout, PNG, all the files with a direct link to Mega.

Direct link to download

Click in the link to download the Files: PCB Layout, PDF, GERBER

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

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Sunday, August 30, 2020

BASIC ELECTRONICS - Components - Ebook 03

Discover our free online electronics ebook in PDF. Learn essential and practical concepts!

TEXT BOOKS:

  1. 1. Microelectronics Circuits, A.S Sedra, K.C. Smith, Oxford University Press. Selected portions from chapters 1 to 5, 8, 13.
  2. Electronics Fundamentals and Applications, D Chattopadhyay and P.C. Rakshit, NewAge International Publications. Selected portions from chapters 4 to 14, 16 to 20.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

  1. Integrated Electronics, Millman and Halkias, Mc.Graw Hill Publications.
  2. Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory, R.L Boylestad and L. Nashelsky, Pearson Education
  • Number Page: 81
  • File Size: 5,16MB
  • File Format: PDF

Embark on a delightful reading journey, where each page is a step into the realm of knowledge. Feel free to dive into the world of ebooks, for the treasures of wisdom await. Happy reading, as the pursuit of knowledge is always a rewarding endeavor!

elcircuits-free-electronics-ebook

Download link: CLICK HERE!

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