Tuesday, February 15, 2022

High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC with PCB

Amplifier , Circuits to Assemble
High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC with PCB
Fig. 1 - High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC with PCB

This is a High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier, based on the LM3876 Integrated Circuit, with great sound quality, powered by a symmetrical power supply.

The Amplifier responds very well in all audible frequency ranges from 20Hz to 20Khz, and has a minimalistic and very compact design, which makes this amplifier a good choice to be assembled with little difficulty.

LM3876 Integrated Circuit Description

The LM3876 is a high-performance audio power amplifier capable of delivering 56W of continuous average power to an 8Ω load with 0.1% THD+N from 20Hz–20kHz.

The performance of the LM3876, utilizing its Self Peak Instantaneous Temperature (°Ke) (SPiKe) protection circuitry, puts it in a class above discrete and hybrid amplifiers by providing an inherently, dynamically protected Safe Operating Area (SOA) SPiKe protection. 

Means that these parts are completely safe-guarded at the output against overvoltage, under-voltage, overloads, including shorts to the supplies, thermal runaway, and instantaneous temperature peaks.

The LM3876 maintains an excellent signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 95dB (min) with a typical low noise floor of 2.0μV. It exhibits extremely low THD+N values of 0.06% at the rated output into the rated load over the audio spectrum, and provides exceptional linearity with an IMD (SMPTE) typical rating of 0.004%.

Feature

  • 56W Continuous Average Output Power into 8Ω
  • 100W Instantaneous Peak Output Power Capability
  • Signal-to-Noise Ratio ≥ 95 dB(Min)
  • An Input Mute Function
  • Output Protection from a Short to Ground or to the Supplies Via Internal Current Limiting Circuitry
  • Output Over-Voltage Protection against Transients from Inductive Loads
  • Supply Under-Voltage Protection, not Allowing Internal Biasing to Occur when |VEE| + |VCC| ≤ 12V, thus Eliminating Turn-On and Turn-Off Transients
  • 11-Lead TO-220 Package
  • Wide Supply Range 20V - 94V

The Schematic Circuit

In Figure 2 below we have components arrangement of the power amplifier circuit with the LM3876 IC, and as we can see, the difficulty is not extreme. 

Since there are few external components, making the amplifier circuit very simple to assemble, and a technician or hobbyist with medium experience can assemble it without much difficulty. 

Fig. 2 - Schematic Circuit High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC

It is important to remember to be careful when assembling the circuit, not to invert any component such as capacitor diodes, or even when connecting the symmetrical voltage of the power supply. Not to invert the voltage poles, because the integrated circuit or other components can be damaged.

The coil is formed is a 5uH coil, for those who are going to assemble it, you can assemble it with 10 turns of 18 AWG Wire with a 3/8" air core.

Components List

  • Semiconductors
    • U1 .............. LM3876 Integrated Circuit

  • Resistors
    • R1, R5 ....... 1K resistor (brown, black, red, gold)
    • R2, R3 ....... 18K resistor (brown, gray, orange, gold)
    • R4 .............. 10K resistor (brown, black, orange, gold)
    • R6, R7 ....... 22K resistor (red, red, orange, gold)
    • R8 .............. 100Ω resistor (brown, black, brown, gold)
    • R9 .............. 10Ω / 1W resistor (brown, black, black, gold)
    • RP1 ............ 10K Potentiometer

  • Capacitors
    • C1 ................. 2.2μF Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor
    • C2 ................. 220pF Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor
    • C3 ................. 47 Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor
    • C4, C5 .......... 22μF / 65V Electrolytic Capacitor
    • C6, C7, C8 .... 0.1uF Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor
    • C9, C10 ......... 2.200uF / 65V Electrolytic Capacitor
    • L1 .................. Inductor 5uH *Ver Texto

  • Others
    • P1, P2 ............ Screw Terminal Type 5mm 2-Pin Connector
    • P3 .................. Screw Terminal Type 5mm 3-Pin Connector
    • J1 ....................Set of male connectors 2-Pin (Optional)
    • Other .............. PCB, Wires, Speaker, Heat Sink, etc.

Power Supply

Power is supplied through a 24 VAC transformer with center tape, i.e. [+VAC | GND | -VAC], after rectification the source will supply 35 VDC. 

It is a standard power supply voltage for this amplifier to work with little heating and little distortion, as it works with a minimum of 18V and a maximum of 84V. 

The current to power this amplifier is of at least 2A, and if it is going to using in stereo mode, two of these same ones, this current has to be doubled to 4 Amperes. 

In Figure 3 below, we have a suggestion for a power supply that we use in our projects. In this article, besides having the schematic diagram with the Printed Circuit Board, you will understand how to easily calculate your own Power Supply, with the desired voltage.

You can in the link below:

Fig. 3 - Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers

Printed Circuit Board

In Figure 3, we provide the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files. These files are available for free download, on the MEGA server, in a direct link, without any bypass. 

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 4 - PCB - High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!


Read more »
By at No comments:
Tags , , ,

Saturday, February 12, 2022

12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555 With PCB

Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits
12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555 With PCB

Fig.1 - 12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555 With PCB

The main reason for using pulse width modulation in DC motor control is to avoid excessive heat dissipation, as in linear power control circuits. 

Since in linear circuits there is a huge problem with heat dissipation. PWM control circuits greatly reduce this issue because of their much higher power conversion efficiency.

The circuit that we are going to build is a simple circuit, with the principle of operation by PWM control, based on the LM555 generator, already well known and with a super affordable price in the market. 

It is a width modulation control, which can be controlled through a potentiometer, or trimpot, or even with fixed resistors, this will depend on your project. 

Speed Control

There are several techniques used to control the speed of a motor, due to the demand of thousands of applications in industry, there has been a great need to control these speeds.

Long ago, when the technology of speed control did not exist electrically, industrial equipment had its speeds altered or adjusted mechanically, by means of stepping pulleys, change gear sets, variable speed friction clutch mechanism and other mechanical devices. 

Electric speed control has many advantages both economically and engineering over mechanical speed control.

The speed control for motor drives, depend on their type. Some drives require continuous speed variation for the entire range from zero to maximum speed, others demand a portion of this range, while others may require two or more fixed speeds.

How PWM Works

Pulse Width Modulation control works by very quickly turning on and off the power supplied to the motor. 

The DC voltage is converted into a square wave signal, alternating between fully on (Vdc Max) and zero, giving the motor a series of "kicks" of power.

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a speed control technique that can overcome the problem of poor starting performance of a motor.

PWM for motor speed control works in much the same way. Instead of supplying a variable voltage to a motor, it is supplied with a fixed voltage value (Vdc Max) that causes it to spin immediately. 

The voltage is then removed and the motor "coasts". By continuing this on/off voltage cycle with a variable duty cycle, the speed of the motor can be controlled. 

How the Circuit Works?

The U1 is wired as a low-frequency, free-running Astable Multivibrator with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The R-C components like R1, VR1 and C1 determine the frequency oscillations.

When the wiper arm of potentiometer VR1 is in top position, capacitor C1 charges through R1 and D1/D2 and produces a pulse train at the IC's output with long negative and short positive pulse widths.
 
Therefore, the motor speed is slow. On the other hand, when the wiper arm of VR1 is at the bottom position, C1 charges through R1 and discharges via VR1 The resulting pulse train has long positive and short negative pulse widths.

Now the motor rotates at a high speed. The IC's output at pin 3, is fed to transistors pair, Q1 and Q2, which, in turn, drives the DC motor through high power switching MOSFETs Transistor Q3-Q6 at the selected speed. Resistor R4-R7 limits the base current of power transistors.

The Zener diodes D4 to D7 are 15V diodes, they serve to stabilize the base voltage of the Mosfet transistors, since they are very sensitive to gate voltages.

Diode D8, connected in antiparallel with the DC motor, limits the back E.M.F. generated by the rotation of the motor. 

The Power Supply

The control circuit is powered from a power supply formed by the LM317HV IC, this IC is a high voltage regulator, which receives voltages up to 60V and is set to a stabilized 9V output voltage to power the control circuit. 

This is important since the LM555 IC supports voltages up to 16V, and our circuit operates with voltages ranging from 12V to 36V.

The Schematic Circuit

The circuit diagram of the power amplifier is shown in Figure 2 below. It uses 8 output Mosfet power transistors, 4 transistors for the positive cycle and 4 transistors for the negative cycle. 

Fig. 2 - Schematic Circuit 12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555

Components List

  • Semiconductors
    • U1 .......................... LM555 Integrated Circuit
    • U2 .......................... LM317HV High Voltage Regulator
    • Q1 .......................... BD140 PNP Transistor
    • Q2 .......................... BD139 NPN Transistor
    • Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6 ..... RFP70N06 Mosfet Power Transistor
    • D1, D2, D3 ............ 1N4007 Silicon Diode
    • D4, D5, D6, D7 ..... 1N4744 15V Zener diode
    • D8 .......................... 1N5408 3A Silicon Diode

  • Resistor
    • R1 ......................... 1KΩ  (brown, black, red, gold)
    • R2 ......................... 33Ω (orange, orange, black, gold)
    • R3 ......................... 10KΩ (brown, black, orange, gold)
    • R4, R5, R6, R7 ..... 10Ω  (brown, black, black, gold)
    • R8 ......................... 240Ω (red, yellow, brown, gold)
    • R9 ......................... 1K5Ω  (brown, green, red, gold)
    • VR1 ...................... 250KΩ Variable resistor
  • Capacitor
    • C1 ......................... 100nF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C2 ......................... 10nF Ceramic Capacitor

  • Miscellaneous 
    • P1, P2 ................... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • Others ................... Printed Circuit Board, heat sink, wires, etc.


We are offering the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files, for you who want to do the most optimized assembly, either at home.

If you prefer in a company that develops the board, you can is downloading and make the files in the Download option below.
Fig. 3 - PCB - 12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Read more »
By at No comments:
Tags ,

Tuesday, February 8, 2022

440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors with PCB

Amplifier , Circuits to Assemble
440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors with PCB

Fig. 1 - 440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors with PCB


This is a high performance power amplifier, which despite its simplicity in construction, in the tests performed, it presented parameters with great results, very close to what we call a HI-FI amplifier.

The Circuit Works

The complexity of the circuit is at an advanced level, it is not recommended for those who don't have experience in electronics and in assembling amplifier circuits, you must have minimal knowledge at an advanced level to assemble this type of power amplifier.

You might also be interested in:

The circuit diagram of the power amplifier is shown in Figure 2 below. It uses 8 output Mosfet power transistors, 4 transistors for the positive cycle and 4 transistors for the negative cycle. 

Fig. 2 - Schematic diagram 440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors 

The input circuit consists of a TL431 Op-Amp, it is used as a feed-forward preamplifier for the driver circuit units that produce a primary voltage gain at the output stage.

The circuit is divided into 2 identical half-cycles: one side for the positive half-wave of the signal fed through driver transistor Q1 NPN BD139, which feeds the output transistors (Q3, Q5, Q7, Q9 ) P-Channel IRFP9240, the other side for the negative half-wave of the signal fed through driver transistor Q2 PNP BD140, which feeds the output transistors (Q4, Q6, Q8, Q10) N-Channel IRFP240.

The Power Supply 

The power supply is of the symmetrical type, with a supply voltage of +55V | 0V | -55V, with a current of 10 Amperes, with good filtering. 

In Figure 3 below, we have a suggestion for a power supply that we use in our projects. In this article, besides having the schematic diagram with the Printed Circuit Board, you will understand how to easily calculate your own Power Supply, with the desired voltage.

You can in the link below:

Fig. 3 - Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers

Components List

  • Semiconductors
    • U1 .......................... TL071 Integrated Circuit
    • Q1 .......................... BD139 NPN Transistor
    • Q2 .......................... BD140 PNP Transistor
    • Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6 ..... IRFP9240 Mosfet Transistor
    • Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10 ... IRFP240 Mosfet Transistor
    • D1, D2 ................... 1N4744 15V Zener diode
      D3, D4 ................... 1N4148 diode

  • Resistor
    • R1, R33 ................. 47KΩ (yellow, violet, orange, gold) 
    • R2 .......................... 1KΩ  (brown, black, red, gold)
    • R3, R4 .................... 2K7Ω (red, violet, red, gold)
    • R5, R6 .................... 2KΩ (red, black, red, gold)
    • R7 ........................... 6k8Ω Trimpot 
    • R8, R9 .................... 22KΩ (red, red, orange, gold)
    • R10, R11 ................ 33Ω (orange, orange, black, gold)
    • R12, R13 ................ 220Ω (red, red, brown, gold)
    • R14, R5 .................. 820Ω ( grey, red, brown, gold)
    • R16 ......................... 3.3Ω (orange, orange, gold, gold)
    • R17, R18, R21, R22, R25, R26, R29, R30 .... 39Ω (orange, white, black, gold)
    • R19, R20, R23, R24, R27, R28, R31, R32 .... 5W 0.33Ω (orange, orange, silver, gold)
  • Capacitor
    • C1, C5 .................... 100pF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C2, C6, C7 .............. 1uF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C3, C4, C9, C10 ..... 470uF / 65V Electrolytic Capacitor 
    • C8 ........................... 100nF Ceramic Capacitor


  • Miscellaneous 
    • P1 .......... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • P2 .......... 3-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • Others .... Printed Circuit Board, heat sink, wires, etc.


We are offering the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files, for you who want to do the most optimized assembly, either at home, or if you prefer in a company that develops the board, you can is downloading and make the files in the Download option below.
Fig. 3 - 440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors

Files to Download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!


Read more »
By at 10 comments:
Tags , , ,

Monday, February 7, 2022

USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05 with PCB

Battery Charger , Circuits to Assemble
USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05 with PCB
Fig. 1 - USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05

This is a simple USB 5V 4A Car Charger circuit to charge a cell phone, tablet, or any other gadget that requires a voltage of 5V with a current of 2 Amperes via USB.

The circuit is a DC converter that takes power from a cigarette lighter socket in your vehicle, and converts the 12V battery voltage to a stabilized 5V voltage.

There are several models of USB chargers on the market, the problem is the high price, and the supply current is quite low, around 400mA to 600mA, smartphones currently have chargers with 1000mA, 1500mA, 2000mA... 

The circuit is based on the LM78S05 IC, it is extremely easy to build, using very few components. 

L78S00 Description

The L78S00 series of three-terminal positive regulators  is available in TO-220 and TO-3 package sand  with several  fixed output  voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications. 

These regulators can provide local on card regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal  shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible. 

If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 2A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltage sand currents.

Feature

  • Output Current to 2A.
  • Output  Voltage of: 5 ; 7.5 ; 9 ; 10 ; 12 ; 15 ;18 ; 24V.
  • Thermal Overload Protection.
  • Short Circuit Protection.
  • Output Transistor SOA Protection

Circuit Operation

In Figure 2, below, we can see the schematic diagram of USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05, the Circuit's operation is pretty basic, what happens is that when you plug your USB converter into the cigarette socket of your car, it converts this 12V battery voltage to a regulated 5V voltage.

Fig. 2 - Schematic circuit USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05

The total output current of the circuit is 4 Amps, 2A for each USB port, this is enough current to charge any USB device today.

The circuit has overload protection, which means that if there is a short circuit on the output, or if a device with higher current is connected to the USB converter, it will shut down, until that current is reduced to a maximum of 2A.

Components List

  • Semiconductors
    • U1, U2 ...... 78S05 Integrated Circuit Voltage regulator
    • LED1 ....  Light Emitter Diodo, general purpose

  • Resistor
    • R1 ..... 4.7KΩ (yellow, violet, orange, gold) 
    • RP1 ......... 10KΩ Trimpot
  • Capacitor
    • C1 .......... 47nF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C2 .......... 100nF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C3 .......... 4.700uF / 35V Electrolytic Capacitor 

  • Miscellaneous 
    • F1 .......... 20A - 250V soldering Fuse
    • P1 .......... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • P2 .......... 3-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • Others .... Printed Circuit Board, heat sink, wires, etc.

Printed Circuit Board

In Figure 3, we provide the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files. These files are available for free download, on the MEGA server, in a direct link, without any bypass. 

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - PCB - USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05

Files to Download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!


Read more »
By at No comments:
Tags , , ,

Sunday, February 6, 2022

12V to 220V 60Hz 500W Inverter using IR2153D with PCB

Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits
12V to 220V 60Hz 500W Inverter using IR2153D with PCB
Fig. 1 - 12V to 220V 60Hz 500W Inverter using IR2153D with PCB

You know that moment when you are at home tired from work, ready for bed, and suddenly the power goes out? Yes my friends, it is a moment that we don't want to happen, but we know it happens.

The best thing in these moments is to have something that can supply our power outage problem... With this we present a simple circuit, easy to build and very cheap.

I present to you a simple circuit to build, whose purpose is precisely to provide AC power to feed a fan, the lights, and some electronic equipment, with a 12V battery.

Integrated Circuit IR2153D

The IR2153D is an improved version of the popular IR2155 and IR2151 gate driver ICs, and incorporates a high voltage half-bridge gate driver with a front end oscillator similar to the industry standard CMOS 555 timer.  

The IR2153D provides more functionality and is easier to use than previous ICs.  A shutdown feature has been designed into the CT pin, so that both gate driver outputs can be disabled using a low voltage control signal. 

In addition, the gate driver output pulse widths are the same once the rising under voltage lock out threshold on VCC has been reached, resulting in a more stable profile of frequency vs time at startup. 

Noise immunity has been improved significantly, both by lowering the peak di/dt of the gate drivers, and by increasing the under-voltage lockout hysteresis to 1V. 

Finally, special attention has been payed to maximizing the latch immunity of the device, and providing comprehensive ESD protection on all pins.

Features

  • Integrated 600V half-bridge gate driver
  • 15.6V zener clamp on Vcc
  • True micropower start up
  • Tighter initial deadtime control
  • Low temperature coefficient deadtime
  • Shutdown feature (1/6th Vcc) on CT pin
  • Increased under-voltage lockout Hysteresis (1V)
  • Lower power level-shifting circuit
  • Constant LO, HO pulse widths at startup
  • Lower di/dt gate driver for better noise immunity
  • Low side  output in phase with RT
  • Internal 50nsec (typ.) bootstrap diode (IR2153D)
  • Excellent latch immunity on all inputs and outputs
  • ESD protection on all leads
  • Also available LEAD-FREE

Circuit Works

In Figure 2, below, we can see the schematic diagram of 12V to 220V 600Hz 500W inverter, the circuit works in a simple and direct way, when feeding the circuit the IR2153D IC starts operating, and triggers a square wave in the GATEs of the output MOSFETs transistors.
Fig. 2 - Schematic Circuit 12V to 220V 60Hz 500W Inverter using IR2153D with PCB

This triggering is done by cycle, when triggering the HO output, pin 7 is at HIGH, and the MOSFETs are activated, in the next cycle the work, the HO output is turned off, and the LO output is activated, that is, pin 5 is set to HIGH, and this cycle repeats.

This causes an oscillation in the secondary of the transformer, generating a magnetic field that will be passed to the primary of the transformer, which is the output, thus generating an output voltage of 110V or b at a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz, this frequency is adjusted in the trimpot.

Transformer

The transformer is a network transformer with secondary windings with 10V center tape, and should have a power according to the consumption power, or load that you will use. 

Power Supply - Safety Voltage

The power supply must have enough current to provide the circuit's consumption demand. The supply voltage should be in the 9 - 14V  range. 

If the supply voltage drops too low and falls below 9V, the IR2153D circuit will shut down, preventing damage to the battery or battery bank, or to the inverter circuit.

Efficiency and Consumption

The battery, or batteries bank, must provide a sufficiently high current, according to the consumption of your device, for example, for a 100W consumption of the inverter, you should take into account a battery that supplies this power.

Considering that the average efficiency factor of this equipment is approximately 80%, we will consider that for an average consumption of 100W, we will use a basic account for this:
Power in W of the load * 1.2 (20% efficiency loss) = Power in W of the Inverter

So:
100W of the load x 1.2 = 120W total

So let us now use ohms law to formulate our account:
  • General formula:
    • P = V * I
A consumption of 120W with a battery voltage of 12V, we would be left with:
  • I = P / V
  • I = 120 / 12
  • I = 10A
For a 100W load we would have a consumption of 10A per hour.

Components List

  • Semiconductors
    • U1 .......... IR2153D Integrated Circuit
    • Q1 to Q6 .... IRF3205 N-Channel Power Mosfet

  • Resistor
    • R1 ........... 47KΩ (yellow, violet, orange, gold) 
    • RP1 ......... 10KΩ Trimpot
  • Capacitor
    • C1 .......... 47nF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C2 .......... 100nF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C3 .......... 4.700uF / 35V Electrolytic Capacitor 

  • Miscellaneous 
    • F1 .......... 20A - 250V soldering Fuse
    • P1 .......... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • P2 .......... 3-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • Others .... Printed Circuit Board, heat sink, wires, etc.

Printed Circuit Board

In Figure 3, we provide the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files. These files are available for free download, on the MEGA server, in a direct link, without any bypass. 

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Fig.  3 -PCB - 12V to 220V 60Hz 500W Inverter using IR2153D

Files to Download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!


Read more »
By at No comments:
Tags ,

Thursday, February 3, 2022

FM Transmitter 70MHz to 150MHz using MAX2606 IC with PCB

Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits
FM Transmitter 70MHz to 150MHz using MAX2606 IC with PCB
Fig. 1 - FM Transmitter 70MHz to 150MHz using MAX2606 IC with PCB

This is a low power micro FM transmitter with a voltage controlled oscillator, VCO, that covers the FM Modulated Frequency bands from 88 to 108Mhz, adjusted by a trimpot. 

The transmitter is based on the MAX2606 integrated circuit, which brings us great advantages, and one of the main ones is that the transmitter has a very small size, and can also be used for "Espionage". 

The MAX2606 Integrated Circuit

The MAX2606 is a compact high-performance intermediate-frequency (IF) Voltage Controlled  Oscillators (VCOs) designed  specifically  for  demanding  portable wireless communication systems. 

They combine monolithic  construction  with  low-noise,  low-power  operation  in  a tiny 6-pin SOT23 package, as showed in Figure 2 above.
Fig. 2 - Pinout MAX2606 Integrated Circuit

These low-noise VCOs feature an on-chip varactor and feedback capacitors that eliminate the need for external tuning  elements,  making  the  MAX2605–MAX2609  ideal for  portable  systems.  

Only  an  external  inductor  is required to set the oscillation frequency. In addition, an integrated  differential  output  buffer  is  provided  for  driving a mixer or pre-scaler. 

The buffer output is capable of  supplying  up  to  -8dBm  (differential)  with  a  simple power match. It also provides isolation from load impedance variations. 

The  MAX2606  operate  from  a  single  +2.7V  to +5.5V power supply and offer low current consumption. These IF oscillators  can  cover  the  70MHz  to 150MHz  frequency range.

Features

  • Small Size 
  • Integrated Varactor for Tuning
  • Low Phase Noise
  • Wide Application Frequency Range
  • Differential or Single-Ended Outputs
  • Single +2.7V to +5.5V Supply
  • Ultra-Small SOT23-6 Package
  • On-Chip Temperature-Stable Bias
  • Low-Current Operation

ATTENTION!

For each Country, Region, State... There are Laws on broadcasting, telecommunications, audio and video transmission, etc.

Do not use telecommunications equipment without authorization from the entities responsible for transmitting Radio Frequencies.

Electronic Circuits teaches electronics applied to various segments, with the aim of improving knowledge, we do not support or take responsibility for any type of illegal operation.

For any operation with RF, we recommend looking for the competent regulatory agencies, seeking certification and/or legalization.

Transmitter Operation

This FM Transmitter circuit has its frequency adjustment through a Varicap diode built in the MAX2606 chip, this means that the frequency oscillator of the transmitter is controlled by applying voltage to input pin 3 of the MAX2606 chip.

The Frequency

The nominal frequency of the transmitter using the MAX2606 is 70 to 150 MHz, however, for our project we used a 390uH coil, which sets the frequency of the transmitter oscillator to the range 88 to 108 MHz.

Audio Input

The audio input is balanced through two resistors R1 and R2, so we can work with stereo input.

The RP2 Trimpot controls the gain of the transmitter's audio input, remembering that the audio input signal should not exceed 60mV to avoid distortions.

Frequency Adjustment

The RP1 Trimpot controls the oscillation frequency of the transmitter, varying the commercial FM frequency range from 88 to 108 MHz.

The antenna consists of a piece of wire approximately 75 cm long.

The coil L1 is 390mH, in case you cannot get a commercial coil, you can build one with approximately 8 to 14 turns of 0.5mm diameter copper wire wrapped around a 5mm core. 

To make a finer adjustment, you can be compressing or expanding the coil, and thus change its inductance.

The Power Supply

The MAX2606 integrated circuit works with a supply voltage ranging from 2.7 to 5.5Vdc with a current of 2.1mA. If you are going to use a power supply it is recommended to have good filtering, since Radio Frequency Transmitters are very sensitive to interference.

But, as most already intend to do with batteries, it is recommended not to use long wires, so as not to pick up external electromagnetic interference.

The Circuit

In Figure 2 below we can see the schematic diagram of FM Transmitter 70MHz to 150MHz using MAX2606 IC.

It is a circuit that has moderate difficulty, and should be assembled by people who have at least an intermediate level of knowledge. 
Fig. 3 - Schematic Circuit FM Transmitter 70MHz to 150MHz using MAX2606 IC

Components List

  • Semiconductors
    • U1 .......... MAX2606 Integrated Circuit

  • Resistor
    • R1, R2 ..... 22KΩ (red, red, orange, gold)
    • R3 ............ 4.7KΩ (yellow, violet, red, gold) 
    • R4 ............ 270Ω (red, violet, brown, gold)
    • R5, R6 ..... 1KΩ (brown, black, red, gold)
    • RP1 ......... 100KΩ Trimpot
    • RP2 ......... 10KΩ Trimpot

  • Capacitor
    • C1 .......... 10uF / 16V Electrolytic Capacitor
    • C2 .......... 0.47uF / 16V Electrolytic Capacitor
    • C3 .......... 680pF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C4 .......... 1nF Ceramic Capacitor
    • C5 .......... 100nF Polyester/Ceramic Capacitor
    • C6 .......... 220uF / 16V Electrolytic Capacitor
       
  • Miscellaneous 
    • P1 .......... 3-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • P2 .......... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
    • Others .... Printed Circuit Board, tin, wires, etc.

Printed Circuit Board

In Figure 3, we provide the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files. These files are available for free download, on the MEGA server, in a direct link, without any bypass. 

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - PCB - FM Transmitter 70MHz to 150MHz using MAX2606 IC

Files to Download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!


Read more »
By at No comments:
Tags ,