Electronic Circuits

Monday, February 28, 2022

25A - 110/220V Solid State Relay (SSR) Circuits using Triac BTA24-600 With PCB

Electronic Circuits Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits

Fig. 1 - 25A - 110/220V Solid State Relay (SSR) Circuits using Triac BTA24-600 With PCB

Efficient Power Control: Building 25A - 110/220V Solid State Relay (SSR) Circuits with Triac BTA24-600 and PCB

Solid State Relays (SSR) are nothing new, but making your own SSR is priceless! With it we can connect to digital control devices such as; Arduino, PIC, ESP, CLP, Raspberry, etc.

Besides that, we can spend a fraction of the price of a commercial relay if we make our own SSR relay, and still have in our hands the control that if something goes wrong, we can repair it without too much trouble.

🧲 The Solid State Relay

A Solid State Relay is similar to switching relays, they all function as a switch that is controlled by an input voltage or current, isolated from the output.

The basic difference is that Solid State Relay, or (SSR), has no moving parts, but uses the electrical and optical properties of solid-state semiconductors.

Electromechanical Relays (EMR), on the other hand, use coils, magnetic fields, springs, and mechanical contacts to operate and switch through a supply voltage.

Our circuit uses few external components, and is easy to assemble, the components are easy to acquire in the market, and basically there are two:

The isolation circuit formed by the MOC3041optical isolator.
The power control formed by the BA24-600 TRIAC, they will be explained just below.

⚠️ CAUTION!!! ⚠️

This circuit works directly connected to the 110/220V electrical network, and has a high power load, any carelessness, or wrong connections, error in the project, or any other occasion, can lead to irreversible damage.

We are not responsible for any type of event. If you do not have enough experience to assemble this circuit, do not do it, and if you do, when testing, be sure to have the proper protections and be accompanied by someone else.

📚 BTA24 Description

Available either in through-hole or surface-mount packages, the BTA24 TRIAC is suitable for general purpose AC switching.

They can be used as an ON/OFF function in applications such as static relays, heating regulation, induction motor starting circuits... or for phase control operation in light dimmers, motor speed controllers.

The snubber-less versions (BTA/BTB...W and T25 series) are specially recommended for use on inductive loads, thanks to their high commutation performances.

By using an internal ceramic pad, the BTA series provides voltage insulated tab (rated at 2500V RMS) complying with UL standards.

🧷 6-Pin DIP Zero-Cross Opto-isolators Triac Driver Output

(400 Volts Peak)

The MOC3041, MOC3042 and MOC3043 devices consist of gallium arsenide infrared emitting diodes optically coupled to a monolithic silicon detector performing the function of a Zero Voltage Crossing bilateral triac driver.

They are designed for use with a triac in the interface of logic systems to equipment powered from 115/220 Vac lines, such as solid–state relays, industrial controls, motors, solenoids and consumer appliances, etc.

Simplifies Logic Control of 115 Vac Power
Zero Voltage Crossing
dv/dt of 2000 V/μs Typical, 1000 V/μs Guaranteed

We are using the MOC3041 optical isolator, because of this model, having a zero-crossing SSR accepts triggering at any time, but delays the triggering of the AC load until the next time the AC voltage passes zero volts.

This is useful to eliminate RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) and to prevent a large current from flowing to the load almost instantly.

🔌 Solid State Relay Circuit

The 25A - 110/220V Solid State Relay (SSR) Circuits using Triac BTA24-600 circuit diagram is shown in Figure 2 below.

It uses a 25 Amp TRIAC BTA24-600, this is enough to handle loads up to a little over 5.500W, obviously using a isolated heat sink.

Fig. 2 - 25A - 110/220V Solid State Relay (SSR) Circuits using Triac BTA24-600

💡 Basic Components Function

Diode D1, is used for reverse voltage protection, it inhibits reverse voltage.

Resistor R1 of 240 ohm, limits the input current to the internal LED of the MOC.

Resistor R2 of 330 ohms for 1W, it serves to limit the supply current to the MOC's internal DIAC.

Resistor R3 of 56 ohm, prevents any di/dt current when the TRIAC is off, eliminating false triggering.

🧮 Components List

Semiconductors
Q1 .... BTA24-600 Triac
U1 .... MOC 3041 opto-isolator
D1 .... 1N4007 Diode

Resistor
R1 .... 240Ω (red, yellow, brown, gold)
R2 .... 330Ω (orange, orange, brown, gold)
R3 .... 56Ω (green, blue, black, gold)
Miscellaneous
P1, P2 .... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks (Optional)
Others .... PCB, heat sink, wires, etc.

🖨️ Printed Circuit Board - Download

We are offering the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files, for you who want to do the most optimized assembly, either at home.

If you prefer in a company that develops the board, you can is downloading and make the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - PCB - 25A - 110/220V Solid State Relay (SSR) Circuits using Triac BTA24-600

📥 Files to Download, Direct Link:

Click Here to Download the Files

👋 I hope you enjoyed it!!!

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.
🙏 Subscribe to our blog!!! Click here - elcircuits.com!!!
My Best Regards!!!

4A Low-Noise High-Frequency Step-Up DC-DC Converter using MAX1709 with PCB

Electronic Circuits Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits

4A Low-Noise High-Frequency Step-Up DC-DC Converter using MAX1709 with PCB

This is a DC-DC converter circuit that uses a MAX1709 series Integrated Circuit as the main component, it works with a Step-Up conversion system.

This powerful microcircuit is able to work with very few external components and deliver a fixed 3.3V or 5V or adjustable 2.5V to 5.5V voltage, with 4 Amperes of output current.

Integrated Circuit General Description

The MAX1709 sets a new standard of space savings for high-power, step-up DC-DC conversion. It delivers up to 20W at a fixed (3.3V or 5V) or adjustable (2.5V to5.5V) output, using an on-chip power MOSFET from a +0.7V to +5V supply.

Fixed-frequency PWM operation ensures that the switching noise spectrum is constrained to the 600kHz fundamental and its harmonics, allowing easy post filtering for noise reduction.

External clock synchronization capability allows for even tighter noise spectrum control. Quiescent power consumption is less than 1mW to extend operating time in battery-powered systems.

Two control inputs (ONA, ONB) allow simple push-on, push-off control through a single momentary push button switch, as well as conventional on/off logic control.

The MAX1709 also features programmable soft-start and current limit for design flexibility and optimum performance with batteries.

The maximum RMS switch cur-rent rating is 10A. For a device with a lower current rating, smaller size, and lower cost, refer to the MAX1708 datasheet.

The Circuit Schematic

In Figure 2, below, we can see the schematic diagram of 4A Low-Noise High-Frequency Step-Up DC-DC Converter using MAX1709.

The circuit is simple to assemble, there are few external components, and there is no need for adjustment, once assembled, it is ready to work, if everything is correct, of course!

The PCB tracks are bent, the main ones have their tracks at the bottom and at the top of the PCB, because the current is 4 amperes.

The capacitors are tantalum, however if you can't find them, electrolytic capacitors can be used, however for more sensitive circuits, the performance may not be as expected, but in most circuits they work very well.

The DC-DC converter supports input from 0.7V up to 5V, and at the output it maintains the stabilized voltage of 5V, however to get the promised 4 Amps, it is necessary to have at least 3.3V at the input.

Schematic Circuit 4A Low-Noise High-Frequency Step-Up DC-DC Converter using MAX1709 - Elcircuits

Fig. 2 - Schematic Circuit 4A Low-Noise High-Frequency Step-Up DC-DC Converter using MAX1709

Components List

Semiconductors

U1 ...... MAX1709 SMD Integrated Circuit
D1 ..... B520C SMD Schottky Diode 5A

Resistor

R1 ..... 312KΩ SMD resistor (orange, brown, red, orange, gold)
R2 ..... 2Ω SMD resistor (red, black, black, gold)

Capacitor

C1, C2, C6, C7 ... 150uF SMD Tantalum Capacitor
C3 ....................... 10nF SMD Ceramic Capacitor
C4 ....................... 220nF SMD Ceramic Capacitor
C5 ....................... 100nF SMD Ceramic Capacitor

Miscellaneous

L1 .......... 1uH 5A SMD Inductor
P1, P2 .... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks (Optional)
Others .... Printed Circuit Board, wires, etc.

Printed Circuit Board

In Figure 3, we provide the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files. These files are available for free download, on the MEGA server, in a direct link, without any bypass.

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

PCB - 4A Low-Noise High-Frequency Step-Up DC-DC Converter Using MAX1709 - Elcircuits

Fig. 3 - PCB - 4A Low-Noise High-Frequency Step-Up DC-DC Converter Using MAX1709

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

3500W Dimmer for 110V or 220V using TRIAC TIC246 with PCB

Electronic Circuits Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits

Fig. 1 - 3500W Dimmer for 110V or 220V using TRIAC TIC246M with PCB

This is a dimmable load controller circuit, its operation is based on the control of the sine cycle, keeping it off during a small period of the wave. And work only for a specific part of the wave keeping the load with part of the wave controlled by period, similar to PWM.

With this type of circuit we can control the intensity of an incandescent light, ceiling fans, resistive load, among others, through the decay of the cycle regulated through a potentiometer.

The Dimmer Circuit

The 3500W Dimmer for 110V or 220V using TRIAC TIC246M with PCB circuit diagram is shown in Figure 2 below.

It uses a 16 Amp TRIAC TIC246, this is enough to handle loads up to a little over 3500W, obviously with heat sink.

Fig. 2 – Schematic Circuit 3500W Dimmer for 110V or 220V using TRIAC TIC246M

If you need to increase the power of the circuit, you can replace the thyristor in the circuit. Using the simple formula of Ohms Law, P = V * I, through current and voltage, we can find the power of the circuit with each of the Thyristors:

TIC246 = 16A:

At 110V => P = 110 * 16 = 1760W
At 220V = P = 220 * 16 = 3,520W

TIC256 = 20A:

At 110V => P = 110 * 20 = 2,200W
At 220V => P = 220 * 20 = 4,400W

TC266 = 25A:

At 110V => P = 110 * 25 = 2750W
At 220V => P = 110 * 25 = 5,500W

CAUTION!!!

How it works

When we connect the AC mains to the circuit, there is a charging of the capacitor C4 through the voltage set in the Trimpot RP1. When biased, there is a sending of this voltage to the DIAC through the current limiting resistor R3.

The DIAC is a bidirectionally biased diode, and is triggered when it reaches its breakdown voltage, about 30V, as it is connected to the Gate of the TRIAC. As soon as it reaches its breakdown voltage, both positive and negative pulses are activated in the Gate of the TRIAC.

However, this also charges the capacitor with reverse voltage from the negative half-cycle, and in this charging time the TRIAC stays open until the cycles compound.

This is repeated with each cycle of the AC sine wave signal from the grid, which maintains its drive and cut cycle repeatedly, leading to an output voltage lower than that of the input.

The network formed by capacitor C1 and coil L1 works as a filter to inhibit RF spurious propagation through the power network. While R1 and C2 are employed for transient reductions.

The network formed by C4 and R5 in parallel with the TRIAC, serves to prevent the TRIAC from burning out, because when the dimmer is controlling inductive loads, reverse voltage spikes are formed at the moment of switching.

Thus, the capacitor absorbs the generated overvoltage and the resistor limits the discharge current from the capacitor onto the TRIAC.

The resistor R4 connected in parallel, is used to decrease the ohmic rating of variable resistor RV1, since the applicable value for RV1 is 150k ohms.

Since it is not easy to find this variable resistor, we made an association of resistors to get it close to 150k ohms.

The network formed by capacitor C1 and coil L1 works as a filter to inhibit RF spurious propagation through the power network.

The L1 coil consists of a small ferrite rod, 1/4" diameter and 11/4" long, wound with 55 turns of 28 SWG enameled copper wire.

You can be using the ferrite coil from a PC power supply to make your coil, or you can be buying a commercial 40uH coil.

Components List

Semiconductors
U1 .............. TIC246 Triac **See Text*
D1 .............. DB-3 DIAC Diode

Resistor
R1 ................ 56Ω (green, blue, black, gold)
R2 ................ 2K2Ω (red, red, red, gold)
R3 ................ 5K6Ω (green, blue, red, gold)
R4 ................ 390Ω (orange, white, brown, gold)
R5 ................ 250KΩ Potentiometer
Capacitor
C1, C2, C4 .... 100nF / 600V Polyester Capacitor
C3 ................. 47nF Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor

Miscellaneous
P1, P2 ......... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
F1 ................ Fuse 15A with soldering terminal blocks
L1 ................ 40uH Inductor *See Text
Others ......... PCB, heat sink, wires, etc.

Printed Circuit Board

We are offering the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files, for you who want to do the most optimized assembly, either at home.

If you prefer in a company that develops the board, you can is downloading and make the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - PCB - 3500W Dimmer for 110V or 220V using TRIAC TIC246M with PCB

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click Here to Download the Files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog! Click Here - elcircuits.com!

My Best Regards!!!

160W High Fidelity Amplifier using Mosfet 2SK1058 and 2SJ162 with PCB

Electronic Circuits Amplifier , Circuits to Assemble

Fig. 1- 160W High Fidelity Amplifier using Mosfet 2SK1058 and 2SJ162 with PCB

This is a High Fidelity power amplifier, which uses 2 pairs of complementary MOSFETs output transistors, 2SK1058 and 2SJ162, which gives us a 160W power output.

The circuit is simple to assemble, assuming you have advanced knowledge in electronics, you will be able to assemble this circuit without too much difficulty.

Basic operation of the circuit

This amplifier has a few many steps, and we could break down each component, but it would certainly be too long, so let's explain the main stage of the amplifier process.

The 160W High Fidelity Amplifier circuit diagram is shown in Figure 2 below. It uses 4 output Mosfet power transistors, 2 transistors for the positive cycle and 2 transistors for the negative cycle.

Schematic Diagram Circuits 160W High Fidelity Amplifier using Mosfet 2SK1058 and 2SJ162

Fig. 2 - Schematic Circuits 160W High Fidelity Amplifier using Mosfet 2SK1058 and 2SJ162

We will start with first Stage:

It is formed by a pair of MPSA56 PNP transistors, they form the input of the differential amplifier. The main characteristic is to amplify the difference of the input signals without amplifying the common mode signal.

In the second stage:

We have two pairs of transistors, 2 NPN BD139 transistors and 2 PNP TIP140 transistors, they constitute a differential current source pair formed by the BD139 transistors pair. And with a current mirror formed by the BD140 transistors pair, in Cascade mode creating a telescopic amplifier stage.

In the third stage:

It is formed by the 4 Output MOSFETs transistors, two N-channel type transistors 2SK1058 and other two P-channel type transistors 2SJ162. They receive the signal from stage 2 which is a module in Cascade, as already explained, and deliver to the output load, formed by the speaker.

The output transistors should be equipped with a Heat Sink, and should be electrically separated with thermal insulators.

Power Supply

The power supply is a symmetrical source, +Vdc GND -Vdc, and must contain a current capable of supporting the total power of the Amplifier.

If the circuit is used in MONO mode "One channel", the recommended current is 4 Amperes. If a STEREO version "Two channels" is used, the current should be doubled to 8 Amperes.

The amplifier work voltage is ±45Vdc SYMMETRICAL, to be used with an output load between 4 to 8 ohms.

In Figure 3 below, we have a suggestion for a power supply that we use in our projects. In this article, besides having the schematic diagram with the Printed Circuit Board, you will understand how to easily calculate your own Power Supply, with the desired voltage.

You can in the link below:

Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers using Calculation + PCB

Fig. 3 - Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers

Components List

Semiconductors
Q1 .......................... MPSA56 PNP Transistor
Q3, Q4 ................... BD139 NPN Transistor
Q5, Q6 ................... BD140 PNP Transistor
Q7, Q8 ................... 2SK1058 N-Channel Mosfet Transistor
Q9, Q10 ................. 2SJ162 P-Channel Mosfet Transistor
D1, D2 ................... 1N4007 Diode
Resistor
R1, R2, R10 ................ 47KΩ (yellow, violet, orange, gold)
R3, R4 ........................ 3K3Ω (orange, orange, red, gold)
R5 ............................... 1K2Ω (brown, red, red, gold)
R6 ............................... 10KΩ (brown, black, orange, gold)
R7, R8 ........................ 1KΩ (brown, black, red, gold)
R9 ............................... 2K2Ω (red, red, red, gold)
R11, R12, R13, R14 ... 47Ω (yellow, violet, black, gold)
R15, R16, R17, R18 ... 022Ω (red, red, silver, gold)
R19 ............................. 10Ω (brown, black, black, gold)
Capacitor
C1 ........................ 4.7uF / 65V Electrolytic Capacitor
C2, C4, C5 ........... 470pF Ceramic Capacitor
C3 ........................ 47uF / 65V Electrolytic Capacitor
C6 ........................ 100nF Ceramic Capacitor
Miscellaneous
P1, P2 .......... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
P3 ................ 3-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
Others ......... PCB, heat sink, power supply, wires, etc.

Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

We are offering the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files, for you who want to do the most optimized assembly, either at home.

If you prefer in a company that develops the board, you can is downloading and make the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - PCB 160W High Fidelity Amplifier using Mosfet 2SK1058 and 2SJ162

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click Here to Download the Files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

Powerful Mini Audio Amplifier using only 5 Transistors with PCB

Electronic Circuits Amplifier , Circuits to Assemble

Fig 1 - Powerful Mini Audio Amplifier using only 5 Transistors with PCB

This is a simple amplifier that uses only 5 transistors, and provides good power, by our tests, we get close to 90W, and amazingly enough, it has a very good sound given its ultra simplicity.

The circuit is quite simple, and very easy to building, which makes it a great option for those who want to build an amplifier with good power and great cost, because it uses discrete components, cheap and easy to acquire.

The Amplifier Circuit

The amplifier circuit is very simple to assemble, as shown in Figure 2 just below, this amplifier is divided into three basic stages:

The first is the pre-amplification stage: It is formed by a differential pair set of NPN 2N5551 transistors, they are working as differential pair, which gives a very good stability in the signal sent to the next stage.
The second is the driver stage: it is formed by the PNP TIP42 transistor, it is used as a current amplifier and serves to drive the output stage.
The third is the power stage: It is formed by a pair of differential power transistors, one is the NPN 2SC5200 and the other is the 2SA1943, they are in push-pull mode, configured to work in class AB, with base BIAS diodes.

Fig. 2 - Schematic diagram Powerful Mini Audio Amplifier using only 5 Transistors

Note

Place the power transistors on a heat-sink, because since you work with power, they will get hot, a small size radiator will help.

For those who like loud sound, to really force the amplifier to the maximum, it is recommended to put the BIAS diodes in series, on the heat sink along with the transistors. This will cause the base voltage to be controlled according to the temperature of the transistors.

Power Supply

The power is supplied through a 24 VAC transformer, after rectification the supply will provide 35 VDC. The current to power this amplifier is at least 3A, for those mounting two of these to form a stereo pair, you should double the current to 6 Amps.

Component List

Semiconductor

Q1, Q2 .......... 2N5551 NPN Transistor
Q3 ................. PNP BD140 Transistor
Q4 ................. 2SC5200 NPN Power complementary transistor
Q5 ................. 2SA1943 PNP Power complementary transistor
D1, D2, D3 ... 1N4007 Diode

Resistors

R1, R5 .......... 100K ohms Resistor - (brown, black, yellow, gold)
R2 ................. 6K8 ohms Resistor - (blue, gray, red, gold)
R3 ................. 620 ohms Resistor - (blue, red, brown, gold)
R4.................. 4K7 ohms Resistor - (yellow, violet, red, gold)
R6 ................. 1k5 ohms Resistor - (brown, green, red, gold)
R7, R8 ........... 0.22 ohms - 5W Resistor - (red, red, silver, gold)
P1 .................. 10K ohm potentiometer

Capacitors

C1 ................ 2.2uF Polyester / Ceramic Capacitor
C2 ................ 47uF - 65V Electrolytic capacitor

Miscellanies

P1 ................. Screw Terminal Type 5mm 2-Pin Connector
P2 ................. Screw Terminal Type 5mm 3-Pin Connector
J1 .................. Set of male connectors 2-Pin (Optional)
Other ............. PCB, Wires, Speaker, Heat Sink, etc.

Printed Circuit Board

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - PCB - Powerful Mini Audio Amplifier using only 5 Transistors

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC with PCB

Electronic Circuits Amplifier , Circuits to Assemble

Fig. 1 - High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC with PCB

This is a High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier, based on the LM3876 Integrated Circuit, with great sound quality, powered by a symmetrical power supply.

The Amplifier responds very well in all audible frequency ranges from 20Hz to 20Khz, and has a minimalistic and very compact design, which makes this amplifier a good choice to be assembled with little difficulty.

LM3876 Integrated Circuit Description

The LM3876 is a high-performance audio power amplifier capable of delivering 56W of continuous average power to an 8Ω load with 0.1% THD+N from 20Hz–20kHz.

The performance of the LM3876, utilizing its Self Peak Instantaneous Temperature (°Ke) (SPiKe) protection circuitry, puts it in a class above discrete and hybrid amplifiers by providing an inherently, dynamically protected Safe Operating Area (SOA) SPiKe protection.

Means that these parts are completely safe-guarded at the output against overvoltage, under-voltage, overloads, including shorts to the supplies, thermal runaway, and instantaneous temperature peaks.

The LM3876 maintains an excellent signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 95dB (min) with a typical low noise floor of 2.0μV. It exhibits extremely low THD+N values of 0.06% at the rated output into the rated load over the audio spectrum, and provides exceptional linearity with an IMD (SMPTE) typical rating of 0.004%.

Feature

56W Continuous Average Output Power into 8Ω
100W Instantaneous Peak Output Power Capability
Signal-to-Noise Ratio ≥ 95 dB(Min)
An Input Mute Function
Output Protection from a Short to Ground or to the Supplies Via Internal Current Limiting Circuitry
Output Over-Voltage Protection against Transients from Inductive Loads
Supply Under-Voltage Protection, not Allowing Internal Biasing to Occur when |VEE| + |VCC| ≤ 12V, thus Eliminating Turn-On and Turn-Off Transients
11-Lead TO-220 Package
Wide Supply Range 20V - 94V

24W Stereo Hi-Fi Audio Amplifier using TDA2616 + PCB
68W Hi-Fi Audio Power Amplifier using LM3886T IC + PCB
4 x 50W High Power Amplifier, 14.4V - IC TDA7563A + PCB
320W Power Audio Amplifier, Powered with 14.4V - 2Ω with IC TDA7560 + PCB
100W RMS Audio Amplifier IC TDA7294 + PCB
200W RMS Stereo Power Amplifier with IC STK4231II + PCB

The Schematic Circuit

In Figure 2 below we have components arrangement of the power amplifier circuit with the LM3876 IC, and as we can see, the difficulty is not extreme.

Since there are few external components, making the amplifier circuit very simple to assemble, and a technician or hobbyist with medium experience can assemble it without much difficulty.

Fig. 2 - Schematic Circuit High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC

It is important to remember to be careful when assembling the circuit, not to invert any component such as capacitor diodes, or even when connecting the symmetrical voltage of the power supply. Not to invert the voltage poles, because the integrated circuit or other components can be damaged.

The coil is formed is a 5uH coil, for those who are going to assemble it, you can assemble it with 10 turns of 18 AWG Wire with a 3/8" air core.

Components List

Semiconductors

U1 .............. LM3876 Integrated Circuit

Resistors

R1, R5 ....... 1K resistor (brown, black, red, gold)
R2, R3 ....... 18K resistor (brown, gray, orange, gold)
R4 .............. 10K resistor (brown, black, orange, gold)
R6, R7 ....... 22K resistor (red, red, orange, gold)
R8 .............. 100Ω resistor (brown, black, brown, gold)
R9 .............. 10Ω / 1W resistor (brown, black, black, gold)
RP1 ............ 10K Potentiometer

Capacitors

C1 ................. 2.2μF Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor
C2 ................. 220pF Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor
C3 ................. 47 Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor
C4, C5 .......... 22μF / 65V Electrolytic Capacitor
C6, C7, C8 .... 0.1uF Ceramic/Polyester Capacitor
C9, C10 ......... 2.200uF / 65V Electrolytic Capacitor
L1 .................. Inductor 5uH *Ver Texto

Others

P1, P2 ............ Screw Terminal Type 5mm 2-Pin Connector
P3 .................. Screw Terminal Type 5mm 3-Pin Connector
J1 ....................Set of male connectors 2-Pin (Optional)
Other .............. PCB, Wires, Speaker, Heat Sink, etc.

Power Supply

Power is supplied through a 24 VAC transformer with center tape, i.e. [+VAC | GND | -VAC], after rectification the source will supply 35 VDC.

It is a standard power supply voltage for this amplifier to work with little heating and little distortion, as it works with a minimum of 18V and a maximum of 84V.

The current to power this amplifier is of at least 2A, and if it is going to using in stereo mode, two of these same ones, this current has to be doubled to 4 Amperes.

You can in the link below:

Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers using Calculation + PCB

Fig. 3 - Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers

Printed Circuit Board

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 4 - PCB - High Performance 56W Audio Power Amplifier using LM3876 IC

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

Subscribe to our blog!!! Click Here - elcircuits.com!!!

My Best Regards!!!

12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555 With PCB

Electronic Circuits Circuits to Assemble , Electronic Circuits

Fig.1 - 12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555 With PCB

The main reason for using pulse width modulation in DC motor control is to avoid excessive heat dissipation, as in linear power control circuits.

Since in linear circuits there is a huge problem with heat dissipation. PWM control circuits greatly reduce this issue because of their much higher power conversion efficiency.

The circuit that we are going to build is a simple circuit, with the principle of operation by PWM control, based on the LM555 generator, already well known and with a super affordable price in the market.

It is a width modulation control, which can be controlled through a potentiometer, or trimpot, or even with fixed resistors, this will depend on your project.

Speed Control

There are several techniques used to control the speed of a motor, due to the demand of thousands of applications in industry, there has been a great need to control these speeds.

Long ago, when the technology of speed control did not exist electrically, industrial equipment had its speeds altered or adjusted mechanically, by means of stepping pulleys, change gear sets, variable speed friction clutch mechanism and other mechanical devices.

Electric speed control has many advantages both economically and engineering over mechanical speed control.

The speed control for motor drives, depend on their type. Some drives require continuous speed variation for the entire range from zero to maximum speed, others demand a portion of this range, while others may require two or more fixed speeds.

How PWM Works

Pulse Width Modulation control works by very quickly turning on and off the power supplied to the motor.

The DC voltage is converted into a square wave signal, alternating between fully on (Vdc Max) and zero, giving the motor a series of "kicks" of power.

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a speed control technique that can overcome the problem of poor starting performance of a motor.

PWM for motor speed control works in much the same way. Instead of supplying a variable voltage to a motor, it is supplied with a fixed voltage value (Vdc Max) that causes it to spin immediately.

The voltage is then removed and the motor "coasts". By continuing this on/off voltage cycle with a variable duty cycle, the speed of the motor can be controlled.

How the Circuit Works?

The U1 is wired as a low-frequency, free-running Astable Multivibrator with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The R-C components like R1, VR1 and C1 determine the frequency oscillations.

When the wiper arm of potentiometer VR1 is in top position, capacitor C1 charges through R1 and D1/D2 and produces a pulse train at the IC's output with long negative and short positive pulse widths.

Therefore, the motor speed is slow. On the other hand, when the wiper arm of VR1 is at the bottom position, C1 charges through R1 and discharges via VR1 The resulting pulse train has long positive and short negative pulse widths.

Now the motor rotates at a high speed. The IC's output at pin 3, is fed to transistors pair, Q1 and Q2, which, in turn, drives the DC motor through high power switching MOSFETs Transistor Q3-Q6 at the selected speed. Resistor R4-R7 limits the base current of power transistors.

The Zener diodes D4 to D7 are 15V diodes, they serve to stabilize the base voltage of the Mosfet transistors, since they are very sensitive to gate voltages.

Diode D8, connected in antiparallel with the DC motor, limits the back E.M.F. generated by the rotation of the motor.

The Power Supply

The control circuit is powered from a power supply formed by the LM317HV IC, this IC is a high voltage regulator, which receives voltages up to 60V and is set to a stabilized 9V output voltage to power the control circuit.

This is important since the LM555 IC supports voltages up to 16V, and our circuit operates with voltages ranging from 12V to 36V.

The Schematic Circuit

The circuit diagram of the power amplifier is shown in Figure 2 below. It uses 8 output Mosfet power transistors, 4 transistors for the positive cycle and 4 transistors for the negative cycle.

Fig. 2 - Schematic Circuit 12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555

Components List

Semiconductors
U1 .......................... LM555 Integrated Circuit
U2 .......................... LM317HV High Voltage Regulator
Q1 .......................... BD140 PNP Transistor
Q2 .......................... BD139 NPN Transistor
Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6 ..... RFP70N06 Mosfet Power Transistor
D1, D2, D3 ............ 1N4007 Silicon Diode
D4, D5, D6, D7 ..... 1N4744 15V Zener diode
D8 .......................... 1N5408 3A Silicon Diode

Resistor
R1 ......................... 1KΩ  (brown, black, red, gold)
R2 ......................... 33Ω (orange, orange, black, gold)
R3 ......................... 10KΩ (brown, black, orange, gold)
R4, R5, R6, R7 ..... 10Ω  (brown, black, black, gold)
R8 ......................... 240Ω (red, yellow, brown, gold)
R9 ......................... 1K5Ω  (brown, green, red, gold)
VR1 ...................... 250KΩ Variable resistor
Capacitor
C1 ......................... 100nF Ceramic Capacitor
C2 ......................... 10nF Ceramic Capacitor

Miscellaneous
P1, P2 ................... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
Others ................... Printed Circuit Board, heat sink, wires, etc.

We are offering the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files, for you who want to do the most optimized assembly, either at home.

If you prefer in a company that develops the board, you can is downloading and make the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - PCB - 12-36V 60A PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Using LM555

Files to download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

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440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors with PCB

Electronic Circuits Amplifier , Circuits to Assemble

Fig. 1 - 440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors with PCB

This is a high performance power amplifier, which despite its simplicity in construction, in the tests performed, it presented parameters with great results, very close to what we call a HI-FI amplifier.

The Circuit Works

The complexity of the circuit is at an advanced level, it is not recommended for those who don't have experience in electronics and in assembling amplifier circuits, you must have minimal knowledge at an advanced level to assemble this type of power amplifier.

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The circuit diagram of the power amplifier is shown in Figure 2 below. It uses 8 output Mosfet power transistors, 4 transistors for the positive cycle and 4 transistors for the negative cycle.

Fig. 2 - Schematic diagram 440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors

The input circuit consists of a TL431 Op-Amp, it is used as a feed-forward preamplifier for the driver circuit units that produce a primary voltage gain at the output stage.

The circuit is divided into 2 identical half-cycles: one side for the positive half-wave of the signal fed through driver transistor Q1 NPN BD139, which feeds the output transistors (Q3, Q5, Q7, Q9 ) P-Channel IRFP9240, the other side for the negative half-wave of the signal fed through driver transistor Q2 PNP BD140, which feeds the output transistors (Q4, Q6, Q8, Q10) N-Channel IRFP240.

The Power Supply

The power supply is of the symmetrical type, with a supply voltage of +55V | 0V | -55V, with a current of 10 Amperes, with good filtering.

You can in the link below:

Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers using Calculation + PCB

Fig. 3 - Symmetrical Power Supply for Power Amplifiers

Components List

Semiconductors
U1 .......................... TL071 Integrated Circuit
Q1 .......................... BD139 NPN Transistor
Q2 .......................... BD140 PNP Transistor
Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6 ..... IRFP9240 Mosfet Transistor
Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10 ... IRFP240 Mosfet Transistor
D1, D2 ................... 1N4744 15V Zener diode
D3, D4 ................... 1N4148 diode

Resistor
R1, R33 ................. 47KΩ (yellow, violet, orange, gold)
R2 .......................... 1KΩ (brown, black, red, gold)
R3, R4 .................... 2K7Ω (red, violet, red, gold)
R5, R6 .................... 2KΩ (red, black, red, gold)
R7 ........................... 6k8Ω Trimpot
R8, R9 .................... 22KΩ (red, red, orange, gold)
R10, R11 ................ 33Ω (orange, orange, black, gold)
R12, R13 ................ 220Ω (red, red, brown, gold)
R14, R5 .................. 820Ω ( grey, red, brown, gold)
R16 ......................... 3.3Ω (orange, orange, gold, gold)
R17, R18, R21, R22, R25, R26, R29, R30 .... 39Ω (orange, white, black, gold)
R19, R20, R23, R24, R27, R28, R31, R32 .... 5W 0.33Ω (orange, orange, silver, gold)
Capacitor
C1, C5 .................... 100pF Ceramic Capacitor
C2, C6, C7 .............. 1uF Ceramic Capacitor
C3, C4, C9, C10 ..... 470uF / 65V Electrolytic Capacitor
C8 ........................... 100nF Ceramic Capacitor

Miscellaneous
P1 .......... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
P2 .......... 3-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
Others .... Printed Circuit Board, heat sink, wires, etc.

We are offering the PCB - Printed Circuit Board, in GERBER, PDF and PNG files, for you who want to do the most optimized assembly, either at home, or if you prefer in a company that develops the board, you can is downloading and make the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - 440W Class AB Power Amplifier using Mosfet IRFP9240 and IRFP240 Transistors

Files to Download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

If you have any questions, suggestions or corrections, please leave them in the comments and we will answer them soon.

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USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05 with PCB

Electronic Circuits Battery Charger , Circuits to Assemble

Fig. 1 - USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05

This is a simple USB 5V 4A Car Charger circuit to charge a cell phone, tablet, or any other gadget that requires a voltage of 5V with a current of 2 Amperes via USB.

The circuit is a DC converter that takes power from a cigarette lighter socket in your vehicle, and converts the 12V battery voltage to a stabilized 5V voltage.

There are several models of USB chargers on the market, the problem is the high price, and the supply current is quite low, around 400mA to 600mA, smartphones currently have chargers with 1000mA, 1500mA, 2000mA...

The circuit is based on the LM78S05 IC, it is extremely easy to build, using very few components.

L78S00 Description

The L78S00 series of three-terminal positive regulators is available in TO-220 and TO-3 package sand with several fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications.

These regulators can provide local on card regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible.

If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 2A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltage sand currents.

Feature

Output Current to 2A.
Output Voltage of: 5 ; 7.5 ; 9 ; 10 ; 12 ; 15 ;18 ; 24V.
Thermal Overload Protection.
Short Circuit Protection.
Output Transistor SOA Protection

Circuit Operation

In Figure 2, below, we can see the schematic diagram of USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05, the Circuit's operation is pretty basic, what happens is that when you plug your USB converter into the cigarette socket of your car, it converts this 12V battery voltage to a regulated 5V voltage.

Fig. 2 - Schematic circuit USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05

The total output current of the circuit is 4 Amps, 2A for each USB port, this is enough current to charge any USB device today.

The circuit has overload protection, which means that if there is a short circuit on the output, or if a device with higher current is connected to the USB converter, it will shut down, until that current is reduced to a maximum of 2A.

Components List

Semiconductors

U1, U2 ...... 78S05 Integrated Circuit Voltage regulator
LED1 .... Light Emitter Diodo, general purpose

Resistor

R1 ..... 4.7KΩ (yellow, violet, orange, gold)
RP1 ......... 10KΩ Trimpot

Capacitor

C1 .......... 47nF Ceramic Capacitor
C2 .......... 100nF Ceramic Capacitor
C3 .......... 4.700uF / 35V Electrolytic Capacitor

Miscellaneous

F1 .......... 20A - 250V soldering Fuse
P1 .......... 2-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
P2 .......... 3-pin PCB soldering terminal blocks
Others .... Printed Circuit Board, heat sink, wires, etc.

Printed Circuit Board

All to make it easier for you to do a more optimized assembly, either at home, or with a company that prints the board. You can download the files in the Download option below.

Fig. 3 - PCB - USB 5V 4A Car Charger using 78S05

Files to Download, Direct Link:

Click on the link beside: GERBER, PDF and PNG files

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Monday, February 28, 2022

Efficient Power Control: Building 25A - 110/220V Solid State Relay (SSR) Circuits with Triac BTA24-600 and PCB

🧲 The Solid State Relay

⚠️ CAUTION!!! ⚠️

📚 BTA24 Description

🧷 6-Pin DIP Zero-Cross Opto-isolators Triac Driver Output

(400 Volts Peak)

🔌 Solid State Relay Circuit

💡 Basic Components Function

🧮 Components List

🖨️ Printed Circuit Board - Download

📥 Files to Download, Direct Link:

👋 I hope you enjoyed it!!!

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Saturday, February 26, 2022

Integrated Circuit General Description

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The Circuit Schematic

Components List

Semiconductors

Resistor

Capacitor

Miscellaneous

Printed Circuit Board

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Friday, February 25, 2022

The Dimmer Circuit

CAUTION!!!

How it works

Components List

Printed Circuit Board

Files to download, Direct Link:

Wednesday, February 23, 2022

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Basic operation of the circuit

We will start with first Stage:

In the second stage:

In the third stage:

Power Supply

You can in the link below:

Components List

Semiconductors

Resistor

Capacitor

Miscellaneous

Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

Files to download, Direct Link:

Wednesday, February 16, 2022

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The Amplifier Circuit

Note

Power Supply

The power is supplied through a 24 VAC transformer, after rectification the supply will provide 35 VDC. The current to power this amplifier is at least 3A, for those mounting two of these to form a stereo pair, you should double the current to 6 Amps.

Component List

Printed Circuit Board

Files to download, Direct Link:

Tuesday, February 15, 2022

LM3876 Integrated Circuit Description

Feature

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The Schematic Circuit

Components List

Power Supply

Printed Circuit Board

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Saturday, February 12, 2022

Speed Control

How PWM Works

How the Circuit Works?

The Power Supply

The Schematic Circuit

Components List

Files to download, Direct Link:

Tuesday, February 8, 2022

The Circuit Works

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The Power Supply

Components List

Files to Download, Direct Link:

Monday, February 7, 2022

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